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    List of movements/Political Parties/Malaysia

    Political Parties

    Parliamentary

    Government

    Opposition

    Extraparliamentary

    Previously Represented in Dewan Rakyat

    De jure they still exist, but de facto they're irrelevant and everyone has already forgot (or at least a few of them remembered) about them.


    Historical

    Cball-FMS.png Malayan Union (1946-1948)

    During the Malayan Union years, most left-wing socialist parties (including civic nationalist factions) were in favour of the establishment of the Malayan Union, while right-wing ethnic nationalists and monarchists were against the formation of Malayan Union, due to the methods Sir Harold MacMichael used to acquire the Sultans' approval and the implementation of jus soli citizenship.

    In Favour:

    Against:

    Federation of Malaya (1948-1963)

    Think Tanks

    Youth Wings

    Social and Political Movements

    Ongoing

    Historical

    • Antiimp.png Naning Conflict (1831-1832)
    • Antiimp.png Mat Salleh Rebellion (1894-1905)
    • Antiimp.png Kelantan Rebellion (1915)
    • Antiimp.png Terengganu Insurgency (1922-1928)
    • Antiimp.pngEthnonat.png Anti-Malayan Union protests (1946-1947)
    • Anti-Colonial.png Anti-cession movement of Sarawak (1946-1950)
      • Anti-Colonial.png Rukun Tiga Belas (1947-1950)

    Heads of States

    Only the most significant sultans are included, and bold indicates the monarch held the title Yang Di-Pertuan Agong.

    List of Maharajas (Emperors) of the Srivijayan Empire

    List of Sultans of the Melaka Sultanate

    Singapura-Melaka Dynasty

    List of Sultans of the Perak Sultanate

    Melaka-Perak Dynasty

    Siak Dynasty

    List of Sultans of the Johor Sultanate

    Melaka-Johor Dynasty

    Bendahara Dynasty

    Temmengong Dynasty

    List of Sultans of the Terengganu Sultanate

    Telanai Dynasty

    • Raja Mandalika
    • Sri Akar Diraja
    • Tun Telanai Diraja

    Megat Dynasty

    Bendahara Dynasty

    List of Sultans of the Pahang Sultanate

    • Maharaja Tajau
    • Parameswara Telok Chini
    • Maharaja Dewa Sura
    • Panglima Perang, Seri Bija di-Raja

    Melaka-Pahang Dynasty

    • Monarch.png Sultan Abdul Ghafar
    • Monarch.png Sultan Abdul Ghafar's son (Name unknown)

    Bendahara Dynasty

    • Sultan Ahmad Shah (1980-2020)
    • Sultan Abdullah (2020-present)

    List of Sultans of the Kelantan Sultanate

    Iskandar Dynasty

    Jembal Dynasty

    Long Yunus Dynasty

    • Monarch.pngLong Yunus
    • Monarch.pngTengku Muhammad (Yang Di-Pertuan)
    • Sultan Muhammad I
    • Long Zainal (Yang Di-Pertuan)
    • Sultan Muhammad III
    • Sultan Mansor
    • Sultan Muhammad IV
    • Sultan Yahya Petra
    • Sultan Ismail Petra
    • Sultan Muhammad V (2010-present)

    List of Rajas of Perlis

    Jamalullail Dynasty

    List of Sultans of Kedah Sultanate

    Mahawangsa Dynasty

    List of Yamtuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan

    Pagar Ruyung Dynasty

    • Emon.pngYamtuan Melewar
    • Emon.pngYamtuan Hitam
    • Emon.pngYamtuan Lenggang
    • Emon.pngYamtuan Radin
    • Emon.pngYamtuan Imam
    • Emon.pngYamtuan Antah of Seri Menanti
    • Emon.pngTuanku Muhammad of Seri Menanti
    • Emon.pngTuanku Abul Rahman
    • Emon.pngTuanku Munawir
    • Emon.pngTuanku Ja'afar
    • Emon.pngTuanku Muhriz

    List of Sultans of Selangor Sultanate

    Opu Daeng Celak Dynasty

    Cball-Penang.png Lists of Governors of Penang

    No Name Term Political Affilation Notes
    1 Arist.png Raja Tun Uda Al-Haj bin Raja Muhammad 1957-1967 Independent Initially there was a plan to appoint state Governors of Malay descent if the Chief Minister is of Malaysian Chinese descent and vice versa, but later abandoned. Former Menteri Besar of Selangor.
    2
    3

    Lists of Governors of Melaka

    No Name Term Political Affilation Notes
    1 3princ.png Tun Leong Yew Koh 1957-1959 MCA.png MCA,

    PartiPerikatan.png Parti Perikatan

    		Initially there was a plan to appoint state Governors of Malaysian Chinese descent if the Chief Minister is of Malay descent and vice versa, but later abandoned. Resigned after being appointed Minister of Justice in 1959.
    2 Tun Dato' Maha Kurnia Abdul Malek bin Yusuf 1959-1971 Independent Former Menteri Besar of Negeri Sembilan
    3 Tun Dr Haji Abdul Aziz Abdul Majid 1971-1975 UMNO.png UMNO,

    PartiPerikatan.png Parti Perikatan/

    Barisan Nasional.png Barisan Nasional

    		Former Menteri Besar of both Selangor and Negeri Sembilan, the only politician to hold the position of head of governments of two different states.
    4 Arist.png Tun Syed Zahiruddin bin Syed Hassan 1975-1984 Independent One of the Orang Besar Empat Perak, a nobility title in the State of Perak
    5 Tun Datuk Seri Utama Syed Ahmad bin Syed Mahmud Shahabuddin 1984-2004 UMNO.png UMNO,

    Barisan Nasional.png Barisan Nasional

    		Former Menteri Besar of Kedah, Currently the longest-serving Governor of Melaka.
    6 Mediastocracy flair.png Tun Datuk Seri Utama Mohd Khalil bin Yaakob 2004-2020 Former Menteri Besar of Pahang and former Minister of Information
    7 Tun Seri Setia (Dr) Haji Mohd Ali bin Mohd Rustam 2020-present Former Chief Minister of Melaka

    Lists of Governors of Sabah

    No Name Term Political Affilation Notes
    1
    2
    3

    Lists of Governors of Sarawak

    No Name Term Political Affilation Notes
    1
    2
    3 Gero.png Tun Pehin Sri Datuk Patinggi Abang Haji Muhammad Salahuddin bin Abang Barieng 1977-1981, 2001-2014 Independent The first Yang di-Pertua Negeri to serve twice as governor of Sarawak state.
    4
    5
    6 Right-AnEn.png Tun Pehin Sri Haji Abdul Taib Mahmud 2014-present Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu Former Chief Minister of Sarawak

    Head of Government

    Chief Minister of the Federation of Malaya

    No Name Term of Office Political Affilation Note
    1 TunkuAbdulRahman.pngArist.png Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj 1955-1957 UMNO.png UMNO, PartiPerikatan.png Parti Perikatan Position abolished following independence of Federation of Malaya

    List of Prime Ministers

    No Name Term of Office Political Affilation Note
    1 TunkuAbdulRahman.pngArist.png Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj 1957-1970 UMNO.png UMNO,

    PartiPerikatan.png Parti Perikatan

    		Position established.
    2 UMNO-Socdem.pngArist.png Tun Abdul Razak Hussein 1970-1976 UMNO.png UMNO,

    PartiPerikatan.png Parti Perikatan/

    Barisan Nasional.png Barisan Nasional

    		Former Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak Hussein was a Socdem.png Social Democrat as he was once a member of the UKLab.png British Labour Party during his studies in the UK. Died in office.
    3 UMNO-Socdem.png Tun Hussein Onn 1976-1981 UMNO.png UMNO,

    Barisan Nasional.png Barisan Nasional

    		Resigned due to health concerns
    4 Mahathir.png Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad 1981-2003 Currently the only prime minister who served two terms in two different political affilations.
    2018-2020 PPBM.png PPBM,

    Pakatan Harapan.png Pakatan Harapan

    5 AbdullahBadawi.png Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi 2003-2009 UMNO.png UMNO,

    Barisan Nasional.png Barisan Nasional

    		Resigned
    6 NajibRazak.pngArist.png Dato' Seri Najib Abdul Razak 2009-2018 Resigned after facing defeat in the 2018 elections
    7 Mahiaddin.png Tan Sri Mahiaddin Yassin 2020-2021 PPBM.png PPBM,

    Perikatan Nasional.png Perikatan Nasional

    		Resigned after loss of confidence
    8 UMNO-Socdem.png Dato' Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob 2021-2022 UMNO.png UMNO,

    Barisan Nasional.png Barisan Nasional

    		Resigned after facing defeat in the 2022 elections
    9 AnwarIbrahim.png Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim 2022- PKR.png PKR,

    Pakatan Harapan.png Pakatan Harapan

    		Incumbent

    List of Acting Prime Ministers

    Note: This list does not include interim or caretaker prime ministers.

    No Name Term of Office Political Affilation Incumbent Prime Minister
    1 UMNO-Socdem.pngArist.png Tun Abdul Razak Hussein 1959 UMNO.png UMNO,

    PartiPerikatan.png Parti Perikatan

    		TunkuAbdulRahman.pngArist.png Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj
    2 Patcon.png Tun Dr. Ismail Abdul Rahman 1970 TunkuAbdulRahman.pngArist.png Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj/

    UMNO-Socdem.pngArist.png Tun Abdul Razak Hussein

    3 Ghandi.png Tun V.T. Sambanthan 1973 MIC (Malaysia).png MIC,

    Barisan Nasional.png Barisan Nasional

    		UMNO-Socdem.pngArist.png Tun Abdul Razak Hussein
    4 SocialConservative.png Tun Dr. Ling Liong Sik 1988 MCA.png MCA,

    Barisan Nasional.png Barisan Nasional

    		Mahathir.png Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad
    5 AnwarIbrahim.png Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim 1997 UMNO.png UMNO,

    Barisan Nasional.png Barisan Nasional

    List of Deputy Prime Ministers

    No Name Term of Office Political Affilation Prime Minister Note
    1 UMNO-Socdem.pngArist.png Tun Abdul Razak Hussein 1957-1970 UMNO.png UMNO,

    PartiPerikatan.png Parti Perikatan

    		TunkuAbdulRahman.pngArist.png Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj Succeeded as Prime Minister
    2 Patcon.png Tun Dr. Ismail Abdul Rahman 1970-1973 UMNO.png UMNO,

    PartiPerikatan.png Parti Perikatan/Barisan Nasional.png Barisan Nasional

    		UMNO-Socdem.pngArist.png Tun Abdul Razak Hussein Died in office
    3 UMNO-Socdem.png Tun Hussein Onn 1973-1976 UMNO.png UMNO,

    Barisan Nasional.png Barisan Nasional

    		Succeeded as Prime Minister
    4 Mahathir.png Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad 1976-1981 UMNO-Socdem.png Tun Hussein Onn Succeeded as Prime Minister
    5 Corp.png Tun Musa Hitam 1981-1986 Mahathir.png Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad Resigned
    6 Ethnonat.png Tun Abdul Ghafar Baba 1986-1993 Resigned
    7 AnwarIbrahim.png Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim 1993-1998 Removed from office after being accused and subsequently charged with corruption and sodomy in 1998
    8 AbdullahBadawi.png Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi 1998-2003 Succeeded as Prime Minister
    9 NajibRazak.pngArist.png Dato' Seri Najib Abdul Razak 2003-2009 AbdullahBadawi.png Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Succeeded as Prime Minister
    10 Mahiaddin.png Tan Sri Mahiaddin Yassin 2009-2015 NajibRazak.pngArist.png Dato' Seri Najib Abdul Razak Removed from office
    11 UMNO-klep.png Dato' Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 2015-2018 Disqualified from office after facing defeat in 2018 General Elections.
    2022- AnwarIbrahim.png Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim Incumbent, representing Peninsular Malaysia
    12 KakWan.png Dato' Seri Wan Azizah Wan Ismail 2018-2020 PKR.png PKR,

    Pakatan Harapan.png Pakatan Harapan

    		Mahathir.png Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad Disqualified from office after the seventh Mahathir cabinet was dissolved
    13 UMNO-Socdem.png Dato' Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob 2021 UMNO.png UMNO,

    Barisan Nasional.png Barisan Nasional

    		Mahiaddin.png Tan Sri Mahiaddin Yassin Succeeded as Prime Minister
    14 Fed.png Dato' Sri Haji Fadillah bin Haji Yusof 2022- PBB, GabunganPartiSarawak.png Gabungan Parti Sarawak AnwarIbrahim.png Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim Incumbent, representing East Malaysia

    Dewan Negara (WIP)

    Current

    Former

    Dewan Rakyat (WIP)

    Current

    Perlis

    Kedah

    Penang

    Perak

    Selangor

    Federal Territories

    Negeri Sembilan

    Melaka

    Johor

    Pahang

    Kelantan

    Terengganu

    Sarawak

    Sabah

    Former

    List of Opposition Leaders

    Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers (WIP)

    Cball-Perlis.png Perlis

    Kedah

    Cball-Penang.png Penang

    Cball-Perak.png Perak

    Cball-Selangor.png Selangor

    Cball-Negeri Sembilan.png Negeri Sembilan

    Melaka

    Cball-Johor.png Johor

    Kelantan

    Cball-Terengganu.png Terengganu

    Cball-Pahang.png Pahang

    Sarawak

    Sabah

    Notes and References

    *Denotes non-registered parties

    1. ↑ The Party was led by Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman, who is considered to be a potential successor of Mahathir.png Mahathir Mohamad but chooses to split from PPBM after the Sheraton Move. Upon admission of Datin Dian Lee, daughter of tycoon Tan Sri Lee Kim Yew (one of Mahathir.png Mahathir's close friends) into the party, journalists link the party with the said tycoon and Mahathir.png Mahathir, however, the party members officially deny these connections.
    2. ↑ Known as the "Grand Old Party" of Malaysia, as most Malaysian political parties (PAS, PKR, PPBM) had origins from UMNO. However due to internal conflicts within the party, the original UMNO has been banned in 1988 by court order. The current UMNO was then registered as UMNO 'baru' at the same year.
    3. ↑ Student movements in Malaysia are mostly consisting of left-wing nationalists and populists, which traced its roots in the 1930s and reached its prominence since 1967. After the controversial amendment on the Universities and College Universities act in 1975 which curbs students' freedom and rights and also draconian in nature, student movements in Malaysia were declining until its re-emergence in the late 1990s due to the Reformasi movement.
    4. ↑ Prior to the Baling protests, the Communists under the disguise of "Young Socialists" had infiltrated the University of Malaya Chinese Language Society (UMCLS) in 1971 and communist links to the UMCLS was confirmed on Oct 14 1973 when security forces shot dead a communist terrorist near Tanah Hitam, Chemor in Perak and found a work report by a senior student underground movement leader to his superiors on the activities conducted by the UMCLS. UMCLS manipulation of the University of Malaya Students Union (UMSU) led to the Baling protests (later evolved into riots) in 1974
    5. ↑ Despite Melaka being an Islamic sultanate, Sultan Abu Syahid Shah was a practising Hindu as he took a Hindu title represented a traditionalist reaction in Malacca against Islam, the new religion.
    6. ↑ Raja Kecil was the first sultan of the Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura and claimed to be the illegitimate son of Sultan Mahmud Shah II
    7. ↑ Sultan Ali Shah was installed as Sultan of Terengganu by the Showa.png Japanese Military Administration instead via the Dewan Pangkuan Diraja (Privy Council) which is against the Undang-undang Bagi Diri Kerajaan Terengganu, the state constitution, which he was later recognized by Thaifash.png Plaek Phibulsongkram as Sultan of Terengganu during the Thai occupation of Terengganu. After WW2, he was forced to abdicate after his enthronement as Sultan of Terengganu was unconstitutional due to aforementioned reason.
    8. ↑ Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II did not reign between 1821-1842 due to Siamese Invasion of Kedah which ended with Siamese victory
    9. ↑ Currently the only Yang Di-Pertuan Agong to serve two terms in rotation system
    10. ↑ Nicknamed "Nobita" (from a Japanese manga series Doraemon) by then opposition Barisan Nasional in Parliamentary session due to his resemblance in hairstyle and glasses.
    11. ↑ Bung Mokhtar was corrupt, apart from his controversial remarks which inlude [praising Hitler https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28227713], sexist remarks and vulgarity in Parliament
    12. ↑ Due to Ibrahim Ali's frequent party-hopping during his tenure as Parliamentary member, he was later known as the "King of Frogs" (Raja Katak) by opponents

    Notes

    <notes />

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