Falangism

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"Long live the new world of the twentieth century! Long live Fascist Italy! Long live Soviet Russia! Long live Hitler’s Germany! Long live the Spain we are going to create! Down with the bourgeois and parliamentary democracies!"

Falangism, is an economically third position (but usually left-leaning), culturally right wing, ethnonationalist (but highly supports race mixing, claiming that the intermixing of the Spanish race and other races has produced a "Hispanic supercaste" that is "ethically improved, morally robust, spiritually vigorous") authoritarian and nationalist ideology originating from Spain. It places a large emphasis on hierarchy, authority and order, and is opposed to communism and liberal democracy. Falangism believe in uniting all of Spain using violence, thus it heavily opposes regional Separatist movements. It believes in a form of pan-Hispanic nationalism known as Hispinidad. It also believes in strict adherence to traditional gender roles.

Economically, Falangism believes in National Syndicalism. It calls for agrarian reform, and expansion of Industry. Generally, it supports private property, although it advocates for the nationalization of credit. It believes in class collaboration.

History

MES

The Movimiento Español Sindicalista (MES) (English: Spanish Syndicalist Movement) was a Spanish far-right political movement and predecessor of the Falange Española. The movement, which emerged in early 1933, was founded primarily by José Antonio Primo de Rivera, writer Rafael Sánchez Mazas, and aviator Julio Ruiz de Alda. Other notable members of the MES were Dionisio Ridruejo,Alfonso García Valdecasas, Manuel Sarrión, and Andrés de la Cuerda. Members of the MES openly embraced fascism and for a time the movement was known as the Movimiento Español Sindicalista-Fascismo Español (MES-FE, or Spanish Syndicalist-Fascist Movement). It soon became apparent that the MES was to have little political success on its own.


In August 1933, José Antonio Primo de Rivera signed the "Pacto de El Escorial" ("El Escorial Pact"), wherein a pact of solidarity was formed between Spanish monarchists and the MES-FE. On 29 October 1933, in the midst of an electoral campaign, the MES held a rally at the Teatro de la Comedia in Madrid and re-founded itself as the Falange Española.[


FET y de las JONS

Another famous example, the National Syndicalist party that formed in 1937 from the merger between the Carlist party and the Falange Española de las JONS. After the Spanish Civil War, they were combined with several other Nationalist parties, however there was a great amount of tension between the Falangists and the Carlists which ended up manifesting itself in violence with the Begona Incident.

By the middle of World War two, the party began to stress the unique "Spanish Catholic authoritarianism" of the Falange, as well as switching gears from being a political party to being a movement. The movement slowly died out until 1965, when the SEU (the student organization of the movement) was dissolved. More info

Beliefs

Falangism places a strong emphasis on the Roman Catholic religious identity of Spain. However, it has held some secular views on the Catholic Church's direct influence on Spanish society,since one of the tenets of the Falangist ideology holds that the state should have the supreme authority over the nation. Falangism emphasizes the need for total authority, hierarchy, and order in society. Like fascism, Falangism is anti-communist, anti-democratic, and anti-liberal.

The Falange's original manifesto, the "Twenty-Seven Point Program of the Falange", declared Falangism to support the unity of Spain and the elimination of regional separatism, the establishment of a dictatorship led by the Falange, using political violence as a means to regenerate Spain, and promoting the revival and development of the Spanish Empire, all attributes that it had in common with fascism. The manifesto also called for a national syndicalist economy and advocated agrarian reforms, industrial expansion, and situational respect for private property with the exception of nationalizing credit facilities to prevent usury.

The Spanish Falange and its affiliates in Hispanic states around the world promoted a form of pan-Hispanism known as Hispanidad that advocated both the cultural and economic union of Hispanic societies around the world. This is similar to other pan-nationalist movements.

Falangism has attacked both the political left and the right as its "enemies", declaring itself to be neither left nor right, but a syncretic third position.

Racialism

Some of the Falangists in Spain had supported racialism and racialist policies, viewing races as real and existing with differing strengths, weaknesses and accompanying cultures inextricably obtained with them. However, unlike other racialists such as the Nazis, Falangism is unconcerned about racial purity and does not denounce other races for being inferior, claiming "that every race has a particular cultural significance" and claiming that the intermixing of the Spanish race and other races has produced a "Hispanic supercaste" that is "ethically improved, morally robust, spiritually vigorous"[4]. It was less concerned about biological Spanish racial regeneration than it was in advocating the necessity of Spanish Catholic spiritual regeneration.[18] Some have nonetheless promoted eugenics designed to eliminate physical and psychological damage caused by pathogenic agents. Falangism did and still does support natal policies to stimulate increased fertility rate among ideal physically and morally fit citizens. The section in Spanish Guinea allowed Emancipados into its ranks. In 1938 in Santa Isabel, Fernando Póo, now Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, there were two units of native Falangists and four of Europeans. In 1959, the Female Section extended its teaching to Guinean women to prepare them for independence.

Hispanidad

The Spanish Falange and its Hispanic affiliates have promoted the cultural, economic and racial unity of Hispanic peoples around the world in "hispanidad".[10] It has sought to unite Hispanic peoples through proposals to create a commonwealth or federation of Spanish-speaking states headed by Spain. This is a precursor to Alexander Dugin's concept of Dasein but within a spanish perspective.

Answer to the Jewish question

The founder of the Falange Española, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, had little interest in addressing the "Jewish problem" outside areas of political issues. The Falange's position was influenced by the fact of the small size of the Jewish community in Spain at the time that did not favour the development of strong antisemitism. Primo de Rivera saw the solution to the "Jewish problem" in Spain as simple: the conversion of Jews to Catholicism as consistent with previous answers to the Jewish question in Spain. However, on the issue of perceived political tendencies amongst Jews, he warned about Jewish-Marxist influences over the working classes. The Falangist daily newspaper Arriba claimed that "the Judeo-Masonic International is the creator of two great evils that have afflicted humanity: capitalism and Marxism". Primo de Rivera approved of attacks by Falangists on the Jewish-owned SEPU department stores in 1935.

Economics

Falangism supports a national, trans-class society while opposing individual-class-based societies such as bourgeois or proletarian societies. Falangism opposes class conflict. José Antonio Primo de Rivera declared that "the State is founded on two principles—service to the united nation and the cooperation of classes".


Falangism in Spain, as promoted by Primo de Rivera, advocated a "national syndicalist" economy that rejected both capitalism and communism. Primo de Rivera denounced capitalism for being an individualist economy at the hands of the bourgeoisie that turned workers "into a dehumanized cog in the machinery of bourgeois production," and denounced state socialist economies for "enslaving the individual by handing control of production to the state."


The Falange's original manifesto, the "Twenty-Seven Points", called for a social revolution to create a national syndicalist economy that creates national syndicates of both employees and employers to organize and control the economic activity mutually. It further advocated agrarian reform, industrial expansion, and tolerance for private property but subject to the social function. In any case, the property is restricted to the satisfaction of basic needs . Private control over the means of production will never be allowed. It will also nationalize credit facilities to prevent capitalist usury. The manifesto also supported criminalization of strikes by employees and lockouts by employers as illegal acts, while mirroring social democratic policies in supporting state jurisdiction over the setting of wages.

  • The concept of private property is allowed, but subject to the social function. In any case, the property is restricted to the satisfaction of basic needs . Private control over the means of production will never be allowed.

Variants

Pedro Durruti Thought

Pedro was born in León on March 6, 1911. He was the youngest of eight siblings born of the marriage between Santiago Durruti, a railroad worker, and Anastasia Domingo. Following in the footsteps of his older brother, he joined the ranks of the anarchists, but soon, his nationalist ideas would begin to alienate him from the CNT, being more drawn to the ideals of national syndicalism.

On May 3, 1935, Pedro attended a meeting with Syndicalist Party leader Ángel Pestaña. Attended by José Antonio Primo de Rivera and Diego Abad de Santillán, the meeting was facilitated by the friendship between the union leader Pestaña, Pedro Durruti, and the Falangist Luys Santa Marina [es], inventor of the blue shirt. Pestaña, having been expelled from the CNT in 1931, had separated from anarchism with the Manifiesto de los Treinta while also levying criticism against USSR, where he was a delegate at a meeting of the Comintern: "People on the road to freedom will never produce despots."

Soon after, Pedro would join the Falange proper on February 5, 1936, endorsed by José Antonio Primo de Rivera himself and being assigned card number 1501 on April 1. His sister, Rosa Durruti, personally embroidered the yoke and arrows on his blue Falange uniform. Pedro soon made arrangements for a meeting between his older brother Buenaventura Durruti, leader of the Iberian Anarchist Federation, and José Antonio Primo de Rivera, leader of the FE de las JONS. Attempting to form an "Italian model in the style of Mussolini", his efforts to consummate such an alliance between the two forces failed, with Buenaventura's answer being a premonitory rejection: "You will see what payment the fascists will give you."

In 1937, amidst the Spanish Civil War, Pedro was imprisoned in the San Marcos prison in Leon. At 26 years old and dressed in the blue overalls of the Falange with his arm raised, Pedro Durruti was shot by a firing squad in El Ferral de Bernesga, León, at six o'clock in the afternoon of August 22, 1937. Accused of participating in Manuel Hedilla's conspiracy, Durruti was a victim of the purges by the Francoists against those members of the Falange accused of being leftists, as was the case of the orthodox followers of Ramiro Ledesma Ramos. Denigrated as "a robber like his brother Buenaventura", the exact reason for his death was due to concerns that he had joined the Falange solely to infiltrate it with socialists and sow division among the nationalist faction.

Gemayelism / Geageaism

Gemayelism is an economically centre-right and culturally far-right ideology based on the views of former Lebanese president, Lebanese Forces founder and former leader of the Phalanges Bachir Gemayel.

Geageaism is based on the political ideology of the current leader of the Lebanese Forces, Samir Geagea.

The Lebanese Kataeb Was not Fascist

The Lebanese Kataeb was a paramilitary anti-communist group that followed the status quo in Lebanon except they wanted to emulate the fascist aesthetics of Mussolini such as discipline and nationalism. Their party was more inline with a paramilitary YMCA than any fascist group.

Fascist Aesthetics

"The Kataeb party was established on November 5, 1936 as a Maronite paramilitary youth organization by Pierre Gemayel who modeled the party after Spanish Falange and Italian Fascist parties he had observed as an Olympic athlete during the 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin, then Nazi Germany. The movement's uniforms originally included brown shirts and members used the Roman salute." This passage shows how the aesthetic was what drove Pierre not any actual fascist doctrine.


He(Pierre) founded the party along with four other young Lebanese: Charles Helou (who later became a President of Lebanon), Chafic Nassif, Emile Yared and Georges Naccache.

Economic liberalism

"The Phalange Party motto is "God, the Fatherland, and the Family," and its doctrine emphasizes a free economy and private initiative. Phalangist ideology focuses on the primacy of preserving the Lebanese nation, but with a "Phoenician" identity, distinct from its Arab, Muslim neighbors. Party policies have been uniformly anticommunist and anti-Palestinian and have allowed no place for pan-Arab ideals."

No fascist believes in leaving the fate of the country to the free market, that is a liberal economic philosophy.

Western Reaction to SSNP

The foundation of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party by Antun Saadeh in 1932 was the trigger for the establishment of the Kateb Party, since the former actively tried to influence Lebanon towards the Syrian interests, leading to direct challenge for Lebanese nationalists. The founders of the Kataeb Party were young, French-educated and middle-class professionals who committed to independent and Western-oriented Lebanon. Charles Helou, who later served as Lebanon's president from 1964 to 1970, was one of the founders. By the time of his presidency, however, Helou was no longer a party member, and Gemayel unsuccessfully opposed him in the presidential election of 1964.

The creation of the Kataeb was a reaction based on a western oriented reaction to block the SSNP from removing western influence from the levant.

Conclusion

The beliefs of the Lebanese Kataeb align more with national conservatism because of their lack of syndicalist rhetoric, their focus on national sovereignty, their privatization free economy rhetoric, and their alignment to western states like Israel.

Personality and Behaviour

Acts like a stereotypical Spanish person and hates being called a fake syndicalist.

How to Draw

Flag of Falangism
  1. Draw a ball.
  2. Color the left and right thirds of the ball red.
  3. Color the remaining third black.
  4. In the center, draw the yoke and arrows in red.
    1. Draw a bundle of arrows.
    2. Draw 2 curves next to the arrows, facing up.
    3. Connect them with a line crossing the arrows.
  5. Add the eyes, and you're done!
Color Name HEX RGB
Red #DA121A 218, 18, 26
Black #141414 20, 20, 20


Relationships

Friends

Frenemies

  • Francoism - Why did you backstab me after the Civil War??
  • Technocracy - He replaced my party leadership with them. I AM A TECHNOCRAT!!!
  • Saadehism - Based economically left-wing pan-nationalist from Syria. Not sure about letting go off my Lebanese branch but you are more ideologically closer to me than them. Still, I can't forgive you for killing Gemayel with a car bomb.
  • Indigenism - I'm sorry for what my ancestors did previously, I'll treat you better when my empire is given back.
  • Carlism - You're cringe but I can sympathize how he backstabbed you too.
  • Monarchism - You were a great Defender of the Faith, but Spain must move on.
  • British Fascism - You made a based English rendition of my theme song, but why are you a heretic?
  • Khomeinism - I like ethyou, but why don't you like me? Why do you call me a rogue?
    • Go ask your Lebanese branch.
  • Nazism - Sent militants to help me in the war, but later persecuted me and the other Catholic ideologies in Poland during the bigger war, alongside with the ban on race-mixing.
  • Reactionaryism - And you prove my point that the (culturally) right wants to conservate everything, even the unjust things.
  • VOX - Spanish nationalist and conservative? Based, but deep down you're a filthy capitalist, like PP.
  • Alt-Right - Thanks for making defending me online, but cool down on the racism. It's funny how you use my symbol and say you are against racemixing.
  • Anarcho-Communism, Anarcho-Syndicalism - I tried to have you guys join me in destroying capitalism in spain but you decided to get wrecked in Catalonia this caused us both to be wrecked by Franco later.[5]

Enemies

  • Capitalism - Disgusting, individualist ideology that dehumanizes workers!
  • Classical Liberalism - Godless state that believes in nothing.
  • Marxism-Leninism - Complete abolition of private property and slavery to the state is cringe as well.
  • Anti-Fascism - My party fell apart because I was too tolerant of you!!!
  • Independence Anarchism - You will not destroy my beautiful Spain!
  • Racial Nationalism - Reject racial purity, embrace race mixing!
  • Progressivism - You want to destroy everything including good!
  • Neoliberalism - Horrible and liberal economic model, you will not exploit us!
  • Zionism - The financial monster is digging its claws into the national economy, large Jewish companies continue to disgustingly exploit their employees and sink small businesses more and more every day. The fake Lebanese version of me is an idiot who supported you.
  • Pahlavism - Why did your Party decide to abandon Fascism in favor of Democratic Centralism? Of course, because of your hostility to religious culture and anti-traditionalism, and because you are the handiwork of neoconservatives, and because your modern supporters are anti-clerical and even some are anti-religion, for these reasons, you are an enemy to me and should be eliminated.

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  1. ↑ While Ledesma was a fascist the case for Jose Antonio is debatable as in some of his private comments he spoke against fascism while praising certain forms of it as shown in the anthology provieded. He and Ledesma had oppositions towards each other which led to
  2. ↑ While Ledesma was a fascist the case for Jose Antonio is debatable as in some of his private comments he spoke against fascism while praising certain forms of it as shown in the anthology provieded. He and Ledesma had oppositions towards each other which led to
  3. ↑ Jose followed the teachings of Ortega Gasset and wanted to create a blanquist revolution of creative minds.
  4. ↑ Roger Griffin (ed). Fascism. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. p. 190.
  5. ↑ Falange a history of spanish fascism stangley g payne pg 84
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