Authoritarianism

"This article is talking about Authoritarianism itself. For categories, see: AuthUnity,  AuthLeft and  AuthRight"

Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by strong (usually central) power that demands obedience to authority and limited political and civil freedoms. While a multitude of different typologies has been developed by political scientists to classify authoritarian states, qualities commonly associated with authoritarian regimes include the absence of free and competitive democratic elections and one-party state, as well as censorship, and minimal power restrictions. Though sometimes authoritarianism can reside in democratic countries with free and fair elections where there's a clampdown on liberties instead as well as more emphasis on authority.

History
Authoritarianism arose during the transition from Tribes to cities. The first authoritarians were Monarchs, who had gained power through dynasties. Later in Greece, Democracy arose, which quickly became authoritarian. This stayed relatively the same until Enlightenment, which resulted in  numerous  rebellions against authority. These new positions quickly  became authoritarian, thus continuing the cycle.

Leaders and whose regimes have commonly been regarded as being Authoritarian include Saddam Hussein in  Iraq,  Francisco Franco in  Spain,  Antonio de Oliveira Salazar in  Portugal,  Alfredo Stroessner in  Paraguay,  Augusto Pinochet in  Chile,  Ruhollah Khomeini in  Iran,  Fidel Castro in  Cuba,  Emperor Hirohito in  Japan,   Saudi Arabia,  Muammar Gaddafi in  Libya,  Vladimir Putin in  Russia,  Alexandr Lukashenko in  Belarus, etc.

Other famous examples include Juan Peron in  Argentina,  Maximilien Robespierre in  France, and more recently,  Hamas and  Fatah in  Palestine.

Authoritarian State
An authoritarian state is a type of government that imprisons and persecutes opponents of the leader, or ruling council. Even this type of state existing for thousands and thousands of years (as in the case of the Roman Empire and other empires), the concept of authoritarian state became better known and with the most solid concept with Louis XIV of France and Thomas Hobbes.

Louis XIV of France, House of Bourbon, was known throughout the realm as "Sun King" and "the Great" and is now known for his most famous phrase "L'État, c'est moi" ("I am the state"), in which he defined the absolutist state at the time. He was responsible for wars and opposing feudalism, as well as being a clear example of Absolute Monarchy. Absolutism was almost the norm of governments at the time, with the concept of republic and democracy dead just like the Roman Empire. Absolutism preaches a government based on a single leader and without any rules restricting it, often using religious motives to justify authority.

Thomas Hobbes, on the other hand, believes in a definition of an authoritarian state more similar to today's, based on the biblical character Leviathan. A "Leviathan State" is a type of state that would be strong and unshakable to avoid chaos (which would be anarchy) and human nature that would be violent (Bellum omnium contra omnes). He also believes that the state is just by the social contract and that life without the state would be "lonely, poor, nasty, brutish and short".

Currently, even though the republican system is more prevalent than the monarchical one, absolutism still exists in some countries and has been adapted to other countries with a republican system, known as despotism (even sometimes not being a leader, but a party or an oligarchy). They often end up consecrated in a democracy, in which power is abused to persecute only opponents of great influence and sometimes making questionable elections and excessive propaganda.

Censorship
One of, if not the main characteristic of authoritarianism is censorship against the opinion and manifestation of opponents or divergent cultural values. Even though censorship has existed since biblical times, it only gained some notoriety when Socrates was censored in 399 BC.

There are several types of censorship, one of which is opposition censorship:
 * Opposition censorship is when a government restricts freedom of opinion and expression by persecuting opponents, either through financial pressure, imprisonment or even the death penalty, against individuals, movements and even demonstrations. Sometimes the government discreetly pursues opponents of the population (without the people knowing) or in more known cases when the government censures in a generalized and public way, such as totalitarian dictatorships, especially with public executions.

Another extremely well-known type would be censorship based on cultural values.
 * Cultural values censorship is when a government censors restricting freedom of expression just because cultural values are divergent, usually against individual choices and artistic expression. For most of history, censorship against cultural values was generally in favor of culturally right-wing values, pursuing innovative and "revolutionary" movements and counterculture, the best-known example being the Middle Ages. Later, censorship appeared against cultural values favorable to culturally left-wing values, against remnants of traditions and religion, some examples could be the French revolution, Mao Tse-Tung and Jiang Zemin.

Other types could be ethnocentric censorship, economic induced censorship, isolationist censorship and censorship against science.


 * Ethnocentric censorship would be a type of censorship to favor only one type of ethnicity, restricting the freedom to pursue the culture and ways of acting of a certain ethnic group, usually combined with ethnocide and ethnocracy. Most of the time there is also propaganda against these ethnicities and also an attempt to replace cultures. Some examples could be South Korea under Showaista Japan, Equatorial Guinea and Chinese Turkestan.
 * The economic induced censorship would be a type of censorship made by the markets to not favor certain types of information, often leaving information expensive on purpose. Some examples would be the favoring of companies in capitalist dictatorships, as well as a few occasions in the Epstein case.
 * Isolationist censorship would be censorship to favor a government and not show anything from abroad to the population within the country, usually using totalitarianism and banning other cultures from abroad, the most famous example being North Korea.
 * Anti-science censorship is a type of censorship against any technological or scientific innovations, usually to further a prevailing government ideology or narrative, sometimes being selective in the science to censor. Some examples are the Middle Ages, anti-eugenics science censorship in Nazi Germany and some types of censorship in the USSR.

Detention and Violence
One of the hallmarks of authoritarianism is the arrest (or imprisonment) and torture of political opponents, especially if they are extremely popular, but also arrest small opponents such as demonstrators. They usually use this as an example so that it cannot be repeated, even if it is sometimes expensive, so they end up using other strategies.

Some states, especially the older ones, used public execution to set an example of what would happen if they opposed the government, abusing the fear of people, examples being the French Revolution and Iraq under Abd al-Karim Qasim. Others perform without the public's view, hoping to avoid revolts, the most famous example being the cases of dictatorships.

Others create forced labor camps in subhuman conditions and cruel torture in scientific experiments on opponents of the government, the most famous examples being Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (intensified under the Stalin regime). Currently, this is seen extremely negatively, so authoritarian governments end up substituting the name for re-education camps or something similar, the most famous current example being China in Xinjiang and North Korea.

Propaganda
Another characteristic of the dictatorship is the fact that they abuse advertisements to alienate the population, whether for an ideal, an ideology, a religion, a culture, etc.

Usually they can use traditional means, i.e. with posters, indoctrination in schools and means of apprenticeship, cultural indoctrination (songs, essays, etc.), demonization of opponents, changes in meaning (such as classifying everyone who opposes as communist or nazi) and other forms of advertising.

Generally, propaganda is accompanied by censorship of propaganda of divergent ideals or cultures, in addition to sometimes using satirism to mischaracterize the opponent, even persecuting most satirists. Propaganda is often used to create a cult of the state or a personality, treating the state or the leader as gods or almost perfect beings, creating obedience to the dictatorship, facilitating control, but future instability.

Propaganda could also be used to hide problems and difficulties that the country is suffering, showing that the country would be fine and that the government would be working and hiding administration failures, also being accompanied by censorship. This type of propaganda could also be used in the event of war, as a way to hide defeats. Some examples could be the Soviet Union, Saddam's Iraq, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Maoist China and countless others.

Stay in power
As already seen, the things said above are ways to make a dictatorship remain in power, which can sometimes fail in countless ways.

Many dictatorships use ideals and religions, and initially pagan and Asian religions, later the religion most used in the West to justify dictatorships was Christianity, even though in other regions it was Islam, paganism, Asian religions and others. Post-industrial revolution and first war, religion was little used with few exceptions, but the ideal used was ideologies, such as revolutionary, republican, anti-communist and countless others.

Currently, in order to justify and try to maintain dictatorships, they end up using ideologies, religion and jargon, such as the contradictory "in defense of freedom" or "in defense of anti-American liberation". Post-war Iraq, Islam was used in an attempt to justify some dictatorships (such as Iran) and rule by terrorist groups. Other uses would be abuses of nationalism and even conservatism, as in the case of China and North Korea.

[[File:Authoritarian Centrism.png]] Authoritarian Centrism
The Authoritarian Centrism is a form of dictatorship that tries to gain the support of moderates and centrists, while chasing and oppressing political radicals, usually communists and fascists, or sometimes the government tries to gain support from the radicals while chasing libs ideologies (an example would be Juan Perón ).

The vast majority (or if not all) can be classified as Social Authoritarians, especially for the economic syncretism when trying to leave a free market, but with state regulations and services. Some notable examples are:
 * [[File:Vargas.png]] Getúlio Vargas - Vargas could be an example of Authoritarian Centrism, as he persecuted both Communists and some Fascists, such as the Integralists (even having used aesthetics and admired some fashos ). He was also responsible for leading some private industries, while creating state and labor laws, as well as strong appeal with unions. He also maintained a strong nationalism and pro-national culture, while making alliances with pro-US countries and cultural adaptation.
 * [[File:NDP(Egypt).png]] Hosni Mubarak - Another considerable example, since at the same time it made neoliberal and pro-market alliances, at the same time it increased the number of public servants to 8 million and increased public services. He also made deals with the Arab League and Islamic theocracies, while supporting secularism and Islamic anti-radicalism.
 * [[File:El-Sisi(Alt).png]] Abdel Fattah el-Sisi - Another example, because while letting capitalism flow in the country and agreements with some companies, it still had an increase in the state sector, plus some interventionism and tax increases.

[[File:AuthoRight.png]] Right-Wing Authoritarianism [[File:AuthRight-alt.png]]
Right-wing Authoritarianism is a type of dictatorship based especially on right-wing economics, in addition to some conservative and even reactionary ideals.

Many right-wing dictatorships are based only on the economic question, while socially it tends to the left. On the economic question, the government would be anti-communist, supporting private companies, economic liberalism and social classes. Some notable examples are: Hosni Mubarak, Paul Kagame, Jiang Zemin, Fulgencio Batista and countless others.

Other dictatorships would be for conservative ideals and radical anti-communism, even though they are sometimes economically neutral, even if some are capitalist. Some examples could be Chiang Kai-shek, Mobutu Sese Seko, Hastings Banda and countless others, especially in dictatorships of non-aligned countries.

Other dictatorships, on the other hand, are classified as right-wing because they are culturally reactionary extreme right, ultra-radically anti-communist, ethnonationalist and totalitarian, even sometimes being non-capitalist and even sometimes being economically center-left. Some examples are Saddam Hussein, Idi Amin, some Catholic governments of the Middle Ages and among countless others.

[[File:LeftAuth-alt.png]] Left-wing Authoritarianism [[File:LeftAutho.png]]
Left Authoritarianism is a type of dictatorship based on a left economy (both extreme left to some center left), but unlike Right Authoritarianism, cultural views are not as taken into account, as main feature of the anti-capitalist struggle.

Some dictatorships had a left to center-left economy with some non-socialist actions, in addition to being culturally right-wing. Some examples could be Adib Shishakli, Muammar Gaddafi, Ramiz Alia and others.

Other dictators, especially during and after the cold war, adopted measures that were perceived as radical (not so much when compared to communism) and an inherently repressive government, in addition to adapting the left locally. Some examples could be Nicolás Maduro, Hugo Chávez, Daniel Ortega, Laurent-Désiré Kabila and countless others, especially in the third world.

The most famous type of leftist dictatorship is the communist dictatorship, in which private property and means of production cease to exist and are replaced by public ones, in addition to a strong communist propaganda. Some notable examples are Joseph Stalin, Bolesław Bierut, Mao Zedong and countless others.

[[File:AuthRel.png]] Religious Authoritarianism
One of the most common ways for dictatorships to sustain themselves in power would be through religious forms, usually implementing strict theocracies taking religion to the letter, jointly implanting religious intolerance on the part of the government.

In most cases, it ends up escalating to totalitarianism, as the government would be linking faith and beliefs to the current regime, making them more submissive.

In the West, the initial religion to justify dictatorships was paganism, but over time, Christianity (especially Catholic) became for millennia the religion to justify authoritarian governments, something that changed after the French revolution, industrial revolution and the first war worldwide.

In the East, the religions most used to justify dictatorships vary from region to region. In the Middle East and North Africa, initially it was also paganism, but over time, it ended up being taken over by the Abrahamic religions, especially Islam, with some (few) Judeo-Christian exceptions. In Central Asia, even though Islam has considerable strength, heavily involved in politics since ancient times and with fundamentalist groups, still Islam is less influential compared to other Islamic regions. In South Asia, there is a strong religious influence of Islam in the Pakistani dictatorship and Bengali dictatorship, in addition to jihadist groups, something similar in India, where Hinduism also influences Indian authoritarianism and radical groups based on the more radical view known as Hindutva. Buddhism also influences the authoritarianism of Sri Lanka and Bhutan. Already in East Asia, several dictatorships were based on traditional Asian religions, such as Chinese and Shintoism (Japan), but in South Korea, there was a Christian dictatorship coming from Park Chung-hee. In Southeast Asia, there were Islamic influences in dictatorships in Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as extremist groups, but there was also a Buddhist influence in dictatorships, especially on the left, such as Ne Win and U Nu. In North Asia, even though it initially had pagan influence from the Mongol Empire, the religion adopted and influenced by the dictatorship would be Orthodox Christianity. In Southern Africa, even initially the religions to justify tyrannical kingdoms were the traditional African religion, later it was replaced by Christianity with the great navigations, in addition to an Islamic influence in countries like Somalia and Mozambique.

[[File:ChristianAuth.png]] Christian Authoritarianism
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[[File:IslamAuth.png]] Islamic Authoritarianism
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[[File:AuthBud.png]] Buddhist Authoritarianism
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[[File:AuthHind.png]] Hindu Authoritarianism
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[[File:PaganAuth.png]] Pagan Authoritarianism
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[[File:Benevolent Dictatorship.png]] Benevolent Dictatorship
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[[File:Dictablanda.png]] Dictablanda
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[[File:EthnoCentristAuth.png]] Ethnocentric Dictatorship
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[[File:Fake Democracy.png]] Fake Democracy
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[[File:Puppet Dictatorship.png]] Puppet Dictatorship
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Personality and Behavior
Auth is very demanding and angry, but will become enraged if you mention this. He also hates it if you call him totalitarian.

Stylistic Notes
TBA

How to Draw
Auth flag.svg Authoritarianism's design is based on the 8values Security icon. And you're done!
 * 1) Draw a ball
 * 2) Color it a slightly faded navy blue (#3F51B5)
 * 3) Draw a black or very dark grey gavel (can be as detailed or simplistic as you want)
 * 4) Draw eyes

Law and Order Gang

 * [[File: Abmon.png]] Absolute Monarchism and [[File: Authdem.png]] Authoritarian Democracy - Unjust and just authority are both great.
 * [[File:Theocrat.png]] Theocracy - Rule by a strong religious class is great!
 * [[File:StateathFedora.png]] State Atheism - Uh... forget what I said above, son! Mandatory atheism is based!
 * [[File: ML.png]] Marxism–Leninism - This "Transitionary State" bullshit is great.
 * [[File: Pinochet-hat.png]] Pinochetism - Throwing dissidents out of helicopters? BASED!
 * [[File: Oligarchy.png]] Oligarchy - From the shadows, my friend.
 * [[File: Strato.png]] Stratocracy - What better way to achieve and maintain authority?
 * [[File:Auto.png]] Autocracy - You're too narcissistic but I like the way you work.
 * [[File:Tucn-EcoAuth.png]] Eco-Authoritarianism - The correct way to do environmentalism.
 * [[File:Socauth.png]] Social Authoritarianism - The correct way to do welfare.
 * [[File:Baath.png]] Ba'athism - Getting the authoritarian part right, but in overt denial about it.
 * [[File:AuthSoc.png]] Authoritarian Socialism - Based socialism.
 * [[File:Authcap.png]] Authoritarian Capitalism - Based capitalism.
 * [[File:Authoritarian Conservatism.png]] Authoritarian Conservatism - Based conservatism
 * [[File:dengf.png]] Dengism - The social credit system is based. Despite never actually implementing it.
 * [[File:PolState.png]] Police Statism - Respecting the authority.
 * [[File:Krit.png]] Kritarchy - Maintaining law and order.

On the thin ice

 * [[File: Totalitarian.png]] Totalitarianism - Son, that's a bit too far.
 * [[File: Ingsocf.png]] Ingsoc - Grandson, that's really too far. Literally 1984!
 * [[File: Pron.png]] Peronism - Sure you say you're not a dictator but I don't buy it.
 * [[File:Monkeyzz-Enlightenment.png]] Enlightenment [[File: Enlightnenment.png]] - Could have ended me, but ended up falling victim to the cycle.
 * [[File: Tribal.png]] Tribalism - The future is now, old man.
 * [[File: Dem.png]] Democracy - Moron. We don't need ya dirty "liberty"... but you do elect authoritarian leaders sometimes which is based.

Lolberts and Anarkiddies

 * [[File: Kak.png]] Kakistocracy - This is where liberty leads, people. [[File:Polpot.png]] Oh wait-
 * [[File: Awaj.png]] Anarchism - Oh, fuck off.
 * [[File:Ancom.png]] Anarcho-Communism and [[File:Ancapf.png]] Anarcho-Capitalism - Anarkiddies lol.
 * [[File: Thar.png]] Anti-Authoritarianism - Total asshat.
 * [[File: Libertarian.png]] Libertarianism - I tread where I please.
 * [[File:Libsoc.png]] Libertarian Socialism - Refer to above.
 * [[File:Illeg.png]] Illegalism - Don't you DARE attempt to break the laws. Jail time for you!
 * [[File:Ochlo.png]] Ochlocracy - [Cleaned up, Muted for 24 hours.]
 * [[File:Insarch.png]] Insurrectionary Anarchism - [Comment Cleaned up, Banned for 72 hours.]
 * [[File:Ego.png]] Anarcho-Egoism - [Comment Cleaned up, sentenced to death immediately.]
 * [[File:Annil.png]] Anarcho-Nihilism - You go not only against the state but also against every authority! Go to jail.

Wikipedia

 * Authoritarianism
 * Statism
 * Bureaucracy

Literature

 * On Authority by [[File:Ormarxf.png]] Friedrich Engels

Articles

 * Authoritarian Theory

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