Enlightenment Thought

The Enlightenment was born some time in the late 17th century and is the ancestor of many, many ideologies. They are a broad ideology used to represent ideas of the Age of Enlightenment. Although their biggest contribution to the world was to give birth to Republicanism and  Classical Liberalism, they also caused the separation of church and state and went against tyranny. Their ideas promoted individual liberty, progress, fraternity, and tolerance.

Enlightenment parented Classical Liberalism in the early 18th century, as the concept of the invisible hand and free-market ideas were created. Classical Liberalism was then the parent of most free-market ideologies.

Enlightenment also gave birth to the modern republican ideals who led to the creation of the Society of the Friends of the Constitution, from which originated  Jacobinism, the predominant political force in the French revolution. Jacobinism later would form the basic blocks of Socialism.

Ingsoc, at some point, traveled back in time and had a child with Enlightenment. This created Illuminatism.

They also had a child with Agrarianism called  Physiocracy, who would in turn become the parent of  Georgism.

And, for last, at the start of the 20th century, they had a child with Austrolibertarianism,  Neo-Enlightenment.

Personality and Behaviour
Enlightenment within the comics is usually portrayed as a stereotypical enlightened thinker.

How to Draw
An Enlightenment wig is an encouraged accessory to both

Glowing Design
Enlightenment_flag2.svg And you're done
 * 1) Draw a ball with eyes
 * 2) Draw a large yellow circle inside the ball
 * 3) Draw a smaller light yellow circle inside the ball

Candle Design
Enlightenment_flag1.svg And you're done
 * 1) Draw a ball with eyes
 * 2) Draw a candle handle
 * 3) Draw a candle which is glowing on the handle

Friends

 * [[File:Clib.png]] Classical Liberalism - My rightist son.
 * [[File:Jack.png]] Jacobinism - My leftist son.
 * [[File:Cap.png]] Capitalism - My rightist grandson.
 * Soc.png Socialism - My leftist grandson.
 * [[File:Lib.png]] Liberalism - My centrist, Western grandson.
 * [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]] Neoliberalism - My rich, Western great-grandson.
 * Republicanismpix.png Republicanism - My good child who showed [[File:Monarch.png]] Monarchism what he deserves.

Frenemies

 * [[File:Progress.png]] Progressivism - I like that you advocate for social progress just like I did back in my day, but could you slow down a little there?
 * [[File:NeoEnl.png]] Neo-Enlightenment - Listen, I like your dedication to my values and ideas but stop acting like you're the same as me.
 * [[File:Enlightmon.png]] Enlightened Absolutism - My monarchist son, the only monarchy worth a damn. Still a monarchist though.
 * [[File:Nation.png]] Nationalism - Even though you're my son, your ideas has led to some horrible events.

Enemies

 * [[File:Feud.png]] Feudalism - Lol feudalism is no more.
 * [[File:Monarch.png]] Monarchism - My biggest enemy.
 * [[File:React.png]] Reactionarism - You're not getting rid of my ideas that easily.
 * [[File:CountEn.png]] Counter-Enlightenment - But why though?

Wikipedia

 * Age of Enlightenment

Literature
Discourse on Method and the Meditations by René Descartes (1637 and 1641)

Pierre Gassendi and the Birth of Early Modern Philosophy by Pierre Gassendi (1655)

Maxims by François de La Rochefoucauld (1662)

Pensees by Blaise Pascal (1670)

Theological-Political Treatise by Benedict De Spinoza (1670)

Ethics by Benedict De Spinoza (1677)

A Letter Concerning Toleration by John Locke (1689)

Two Treatises of Government by John Locke (1690)

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding by John Locke (1690)

Some Considerations of the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest and the Raising the Value of Money by John Locke (1691)

Discourses Concerning Government by Algernon Sidney (1698)

The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits by Bernard Mandeville (1714)

Philosophical Selections by Nicolas Malebranche (1715)

Cato's Letters by John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon (1720)

The New Science by Giambattista Vico (1725)

An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue by Francis Hutcheson (1725)

An Essay on the Nature and Conduct of the Passions and Affections, with Illustrations on the Moral Sense by Francis Hutcheson (1728)

A Modest Proposal and Other Writings by Jonathan Swift (1729)

Letters Concerning the English by Voltaire (1734)

A Treatise of Human Nature by David Hume (1740)

Machine Man and Other Writings by Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1747)

The Spirit of the Laws by Baron de Montesquieu (1748)

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding by David Hume (1748)

An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals by David Hume (1751)

The Law of Nations Treated According to the Scientific Method by Christian Wolff (1754)

A System of Moral Philosophy by Francis Hutcheson (1755)

An Essay on Economic Theory: Essay on the Nature of Trade in General by Richard Cantillon (1755)

A Review of the Principal Questions in Morals by Richard Price (1758)

De L'esprit, Or, Essays On the Mind, and Its Several Faculties by Claude Adrien Helvétius (1758)

The Economical Table by Francois Quesnay (1758)

Essays: Moral, Political and Literary by David Hume (1758)

The Theory of Moral Sentiments by Adam Smith (1759)

Christianity Unveiled by Baron d'Holbach (1761)

Emile; or On Education by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1762)

The Basic Political Writings by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1750-1762)

Reveries of the Solitary Walker by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1782)

The Confessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1782)

Lectures on Jurisprudence by Adam Smith (1763)

Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms by Adam Smith (1763)

Classical Republican in Eighteenth-Century France by Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (1763)

Treatise On Toleration by Voltaire (1763)

Philosophical Dictionary by Voltaire (1764)

On Crimes and Punishments by Cesare Beccaria (1764)

On Natural Rights by Francois Quesnay (1765)

An Essay on the History of Civil Society by Adam Ferguson (1767)

An Essay on the First Principles of Government, and on the Nature of Political, Civil, and Religious Liberty by Joseph Priestley (1768)

The Sacred Contagion: The Natural History of Superstition by Baron d'Holbach (1768)

System of Nature by Baron d'Holbach (1770)

Turgot Collection by Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot (1770)

Good Sense Without God: The Revolutionary Treatise on Free Thought by Baron d'Holbach (1772)

Encyclopedic Liberty by Denis Diderot, Henry C. Clark, and Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1751-1772)

Common Sense by Thomas Paine (1776)

Commerce and Government: Considered in Their Mutual Relationship by Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (1776)

An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith (1776)

Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion by David Hume (1779)

A Treatise Concerning Civil Government by Josiah Tucker (1781)

Dangerous Liaisons by Pierre Choderlos De Laclos (1782)

Political Writings by Denis Diderot (1784)

Dialogue Between A Priest And A Dying Man by Marquis de Sade (1782)

The 120 Days of Sodom by Marquis de Sade (1785)

Aline and Valcour, Vol. 1: or, the Philosophical Novel by Marquis de Sade (1788)

Aline and Valcour, Vol. 2: or, the Philosophical Novel by Marquis de Sade (1788)

Aline and Valcour, Vol. 3: or, the Philosophical Novel by Marquis de Sade (1788)

Justine, or the Misfortunes of Virtue by Marquis de Sade (1788)

Philosophy in the Bedroom by Marquis de Sade (1795)

Juliette by Marquis de Sade (1799)

The Limits of State Action by Wilhelm von Humboldt (1790)

Reflections on the Revolution in France by Edmund Burke (1790)

Rights of Man by Thomas Paine (1791)

Agrarian Justice by Thomas Paine (1797)

Mary Wollstonecraft Philosophical and Political Writings Collection by Mary Wollstonecraft (1797)

Condorcet: Political Writings by Nicolas de Condorcet (1788-1794)

Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment? by Immanuel Kant (1784)

Logic by Immanuel Kant and Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche (1800)

Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings by Immanuel Kant (1764)

Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant (1781)

The Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant (1785)

Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science by Immanuel Kant (1786)

Critique of Practical Reason by Immanuel Kant (1788)

Critique of Judgment by Immanuel Kant (1790)

Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason by Immanuel Kant (1793)

To Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch by Immanuel Kant (1795)

Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant (1797)

Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View by Immanuel Kant (1798)

Lectures and Drafts on Political Philosophy by Immanuel Kant (1799)

Opus Postumum by Immanuel Kant (1804)

Kant’s Critical Philosophy: The Doctrine of the Faculties by Gilles Deleuze (1967)

Kant and Political Philosophy: The Contemporary Legacy by Ronald Beiner and William James Booth (1993)

Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment by Alan Charles Kors (1815)

Gallery
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