National Liberalism

"Not to be confused with National Libertarianism and  Liberal Nationalism."

National Liberalism, also known as the Liberalist Movement, is an economically centre-right to right-wing, civically slightly to moderately libertarian, culturally center-right to right and nationalist ideology that is the child of Classical Liberalism and  Nationalism. He is also fairly similar to his brother, Civic Nationalism, although Civic Nationalist is usually more moderate. In contrast to National Conservatism, he holds liberal stances on economics, civic liberties and usually on social issues such as LGBT+ rights, drug use, prostitution and/or abortion, but is very nationalistic when it comes to things like immigration, Islam and/or international affairs, is critical of many modern-day  progressive movements.

It's important to know that national conservative parties which hold economically liberal views are not National Liberal, even though at first they were (and to some extent, still are) closely related usually sharing the same spaces in political groups and parties.

In Europe, it is mostly eurosceptic, ranging from both soft (reforming the EU in order loosen the grip on their country and the country's economy), such as  Civic Democratic Party in Czechia, and hard (leaving the EU entirely) forms of Euroscepticism, such as  UKIP in the UK.

Origin
To many people's surprise, National Liberalism has been around for some time now as his origin can be dated back to 19th century's Central Europe, noticeably within modern-day Germany and  Austria, where  liberal supporters were often also the advocators of  nationalistic ideas such as the creation of German state. In fact, some of today's German political parties can trace their root directly to National Liberal Party, the first political party which was officially build around such ideology.

Development
Today, while not many central-to-right liberal political parties or their factions officially announce their ideology as National Liberalism (keep that in mind, as most of them commonly identify as Right-Populist or  National Conservative, both with economically liberal views, but not always when it comes to civil liberties), its ideas and practices can still be seen in many of them. While not all of them have the similar opinion or practices on issues such as environment (although most of them are not that pro-industrialist as their earlier counterparts) or LGBT+ rights, they still share some noticeable characters such as importance of national identity, stricter immigration laws, anti-globalization and limited state intervention/cooperation with private departments. Some modern anti-globalization political movements are also often categorized as National Liberal, with Brexit as perhaps the most noticeable example.

[[File:Cball-Austria.png]] Austria
Third Camp is a term used in Austria for pan-Germanist national liberals, in contrast to the country's other two major political forces: Christian Democrats (ÖVP) and Social Democrats (SPÖ). Today, the main representative of this tradition is the Freedom Party of Austria. Historically it was a center-right party and had liberal stances, despite the fact that it was founded by former Nazis. Its former leader Norbert Steger wanted it to be the Austrian version of German Free Democratic Party. However since 1986 the party became more populist and shifted to the far-right, becoming primarily a right-populist and  national conservative party with  Welfare Chauvinist leanings under the leadership of Jörg Haider. Some liberal factions still exist inside of it.

After Haider abandoned the FPÖ in 2005, he founded Aliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ). After his death in 2008, the party ironically moved to a more moderate position, being more liberal in economic and social issues, such as privatization, reduction of bureaucracy, abolishing conscription, willingness to accept same-sex marriage, while also still having some noticeably tough stances against immigration and the  EU, thus being viewed as the moderate version of the FPÖ.

[[File:Cball-Denmark.png]] Denmark
The Progress Party is a right-wing liberal party founded by Mogen Gilstrup in 1972. It has economically liberal, fiscally conservative,  eurosceptic, anti-immigration and anti-Islamic positions. The party had its peak in the 1970's, but now it is extraparliamentary.

[[File:Cball-Germany.png]] Germany
In Germany, the National Liberal Party was a major force in the Reichstag during the mid-19th century and was a strong supporter of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's policies until he started to advocate for  Protectionism in 1890's. The party emphasized on the power of state, civil liberties and the economy, but since the 1870's the party has been in decline.

During the interwar period, the German People's Party can be seen as a spiritual successor to NLP. They focused on traditional family values, lower tariffs, opposition to welfare spending and hostility towards Marxism (more specifically, towards  social democrats and  communists). It was one of the largest liberal parties alongside its rival, German Democratic Party.

In modern times, the Free Democratic Party as well as  Alternative for Germany have some national liberal factions.

The short-lived Blue Party was founded by an ex-AfD member Frauke Petry and was a party for those who thought that CDU was too liberal and  AfD was too nationalist. The party did not recieve any seats in local and federal parliaments.

[[File:Zio.png]] Israel
Likud (The Consolidation) is a major party in Israel that has its roots in Ze'ev Jabotinsky's  Revisionist Zionism, as well as in liberal and nationalist ideology. Immediately after the creation of Israel, the Herut (Freedom) party was founded, which was joined in 1961 by the Libralim organization (Liberals) in the Gahal electoral bloc, which was the main force of the opposition.

In economic policy, the party advocates for economic liberalism (as it is a traditional rival to the Labor Party), but also for a very pronounced nationalist rhetoric. On paper they advocate for free market capitalism, but in practise they have adopted a mixed economy.

In cultural policy, the party advocates both free enterprise and nationalism, but sometimes it compromises these ideals in practice because the support for populist economic programs does not meet these ideals. But it is designed to serve voters who are mostly nationalists, low-income and live in small towns and urban neighborhoods.

In more recent times, the party has shifted more towards populism.

Many former Likud MK's have founded splinter parties, such as Kadima (Forward) and New Hope.

[[File:Cball-Netherlands.png]] Netherlands
Pim Fortuyn was a Dutch politician and author, originally a Marxist and then a  social democrat, his views ended up closer to  classical liberalism. He rose to prominence because of his criticism of the purple coalition government of Wim Kok and the "Islamification" of the Netherlands. Despite being labelled as far-right by opponents, Fortuyn portrayed himself as a defender of civil liberties and liberal values against Islam such as LGBT and women rights, with him being openly gay. In 2002 he was assassinated by a left-wing environmentalist activist, becoming sort of a martyr for the Dutch right.

In 2006 right-populist Geert Wilders emerged as a successor to Fortuyn. Founding the Party for Freedom (PVV), an even more overtly anti-islam party, with Wilders outright calling it a "fascist religion". Like Fortuyn, Wilders has described himself as a "right-wing liberal" and a defender of gay and women's rights against Islam. But since the early 2010s he seems to have diverted from economic liberalism and now voices more support for welfare state programs, abit restricted to born-Dutch citizens, which commentators have described as Welfare Chauvinism.

More recently, the party Forum for Democracy (FvD) originally attracted similar national liberal factions who found PVV "too extremist", while also having roots in Fortuynism. However as of late a majority of them have now left due to the party having more closer ties to the Alt-Right and  Neo-Nazis, going off to form splinter parties such as JA21.

JA21 is a party formed formed in late 2020, consisting of former moderate-wing FvD members as a response to FvD's closer ties to the Alt-Right. It classifies itself as a "proper" right-wing party, aiming to fill the gap between mostly centrist VVD and populist   PVV.

[[File:Cball-Norway.png]] Norway
Progress Party (originally Anders Lange's Party for a Strong Reduction in Taxes, Duties and Public Intervention) was founded in 1973 as an anti-tax movement inspired by Mogen Gilstrup's party of the same name. Since 1987 the party has focused more on anti-Islam and immigration as central themes being now more moderate in economic matters but still right-leaning, while also adopting welfare chauvinist positions specially regarding the elderly and disabled.

Erik Gjems-Onstad, an anti-Nazi ex-combatant was also a member of this party and after Lange's death he took the leadership of the party but he abandoned the party in 1976. After that he was in different right-nationalist parties until 2007. He advocated for stricter immigration laws and reduction of it (being his main topic in his whole political career), at the same time he advocated for the abolition of conscription, separation of the church and state, liberalization of gun possession and less regulations and taxes.

[[File:Cball-Romania.png]] Romania
WIP

[[File:Cball-Taiwan.png]] Taiwan
The Democratic Progressive Party is a culturally progressive, economically right nationalistic party in the Republic of China and the ruling party of this country since 2016. It is one of two major parties in Taiwan, the other being Kuomintang. DPP promotes Taiwanese national identity, Taiwanse Hokkien, Hakka and other indigenous languages and most importantly, the creation of an independent Taiwanese nation, as opposed to KMT's Chinese identity and their ultimate goal of reunification with  China (under KMT's rule).

Their overall cultural progressivism and support for welfare programs makes them differ from many other National Liberal parties in this article. Nonetheless, they are Social Liberal and promote Taiwanese identity. This tendency was related to the nation's White Terror history and the repression against Taiwanese identity and liberal values during said period.

[[File:Cball-UK.png]] United Kingdom
UK Independence Party or UKIP for short, is a hard Eurosceptic party famously led by Nigel Farage. While commonly regarded as a Right-Populist and  National Conservative party, it has been influenced by  Classical Liberalism in terms of economics and to some extent civic issues, with a large amount of it's original voter base being  libertarians. Though the party holds mostly conservative views on social issues like LGBT rights or crime, it has also supported more legalization of drug use.

Reform UK (formerly Brexit Party) was founded by Farage as a spiritual successor to UKIP, after the far-right takeover of the party. Even describing the party as "classical liberal" in it's constitution.

British Anti-SJW youtuber Carl Benjamin aka Sargon of Akkad has consistently called himself a  classical liberal, despite his strong support of  conservative and  nationalist movements such as Brexit, with him being a former member of the aforementioned UKIP. More recently he has coined the phrase "liberalist" to describe himself, differentiating from the progressive left-liberals  he mocks.

Personality
NatLib's favorite hobby is discussing political events (especially if it's something "dumb" done by progressives — although he does take some of their advice from time to time) on YouTube or other online communities, usually with other right-wing ideologies.

While being fairly open minded to some social issues, he often holds rather suspicious attitude toward people that are not his citizens. His preferences of anti-globalization and stricter immigration laws, as well as his sympathy towards more far-right Ideologies often brought him to conflicts with his more central-to-left relatives, especially  Neoliberalism.

He also hates it when being censored online for his views, constantly bringing up how he should have "Free-Speech".

How to Draw
Natlib_flag.svg The flag of National Liberalism is similar to Classical Liberalism.


 * 1) Draw a ball with eyes
 * 2) On it draw the tricolor of White (top), Gold (middle) and Dark Blue (Bottom)
 * 3) On the Gold bar draw 3 stars with either the dark blue or the white.

You're done.

Friends

 * [[File: Libertarian.png]] Libertarianism - I like his opinions on civil liberties, although he is too extreme and leans progressive sometimes.
 * [[File:Paleolib.png]] Paleolibertarianism and [[File:Libcon.png]] Libertarian Conservatism - We have a lot in common, but they're a bit more extreme on civil liberties though and more culturally conservative than me.
 * [[File: Natlib.png]] National Libertarianism - An even more anti-statist version of myself, still based!
 * [[File:Modnat.png]] Patriotism - I love my country and there's nothing wrong with that!
 * [[File:Nation.png]] Nationalism - My parent nursed me, just like my nation nursing my citizens!
 * [[File: Conserv.png]] Conservatism [[File:Con-t.png]] - Occasional guest. But have you consider to be a bit more open to new ideas? Like come on, gays are citizens too!
 * [[File:Conlib.png]] Conservative Liberalism - Fellow classical liberal, we have many things in common though he's a slightly more culturally conservative than me.
 * [[File:Altl.png]] Alt-Lite - Sargon is based and as much as I hate to admit it, I guess we do have some things in common. If only you could distance yourself from [[File:Altr.png]] him, like dropping the whole conspiracy garbage. And come on, liberalism isn't really that bad.
 * [[File:Civnat.png]] Civic Nationalism - My brother who totally gets me! My citizens are my citizens!
 * [[File:Agrnac.png]] National Agrarianism - Ah yes, a return to a simpler life. Be less statist, please.
 * [[File:Hcon.png]] LGBT Conservatism - We're the true LGBT allies, unlike those Islamo-Leftists who took Fortuyn's life! Though I'm somewhat skeptical of the T part.
 * [[File:Rpop.png]] Right-Wing Populism - You're a good ally for the most part, though you go a little too far sometimes and won't shut up when you should, but I know you mean well. You do, right? Promise you won't embarrass me this time.
 * [[File:Progconf.png]] Progressive Conservatism - Dude...... that's very based!
 * [[File:Austrobert.png]] Austrolibertarianism - Mises was a very wise man.

Frenemies

 * [[File:Liberalconservative.png]] Liberal Conservatism - We both agree on finding a balance between conservative and liberal stances on social issues. But he calls me "racist" and kept delaying Brexit.
 * [[File:Bism.png]] Bismarckism - We helped each other once, but you're too collectivist, protectionist and a damn closet socialist (though you deny the latter).
 * [[File:Pan-Nationalism.png]] Pan-Nationalism - I used to work with him in Germany and Austria. But outside of those two countries he's just [[File:Imp.png]] Imperialism in denial.
 * [[File: Natcon.png]] National Conservatism - You have the right ideas for the most part, though can you be a little less culturally conservative and a lot less statist? Also, just because some of you are economically liberal doesn't mean you're me! Quit hijacking my parties, like you've done with them!
 * [[File: Prog.png]] Progressivism - You aren't bad in theory, but your antics can get quite ridiculous.
 * [[File: Clib.png]] Classical Liberalism - Look, Pa, I don't really disagree with you, it's just that I think my citizens' lives matter more.
 * [[File: Lib.png]] Liberalism - Same as dad. I'm just, uh- prioritizing, okay?
 * [[File:Nazcapf.png]] National Capitalism - Based economic views! Capitalism and nationalism? Yes please, but drop down the Nazi stuff, especially racism, will you?
 * [[File:Reactlib.png]] Reactionary Liberalism - Says some very uncomfortable things regarding culture. But then again, even if he's pretty much me but on steroids, crack and other hard drugs, WE ARE NOT THE SAME!
 * [[File:Plcn2.png]] Paleoconservatism - Those are some great ideas you've got there. If only you weren't so statist, homophobic and racist...
 * [[File:Authcap.png]] Authoritarian Capitalism - Lee Kuan Yew is kinda based. But fig leafed authoritarian? Cringe.
 * [[File:Envi.png]] Environmentalism - On one hand, I really like the fact that preserving the environment helps our nation prosper, but on the other, well... let's just say that a lot of my followers aren't exactly fans of yours, oh and also you pander to the left too much so I guess that explains it.
 * [[File:Indust.png]] Industrialism - My old acquaintances with exact opposite problems than the former one. I mean I like you, but how can we improve our citizens' life if you keep outsourcing those jobs? Also, tone down that chimney a bit will ye? People nowadays ain't that fond of smog.
 * [[File:Patcon.png]] Paternalistic Conservatism - Fellow Brexiteer, but your economic policies are pretty bureaucratic.
 * [[File:WelfChauvin.png]] Welfare Chauvinism - Your social views are too extreme while your economics are too lefty for my liking. Though we both agree that Geert Wilders is extremely based, so now we at least get along on that.
 * [[File:Natan.png]] National Anarchism - You're just a Nazi who hates the state.
 * [[File:Libfem.png]] Liberal Feminism - First wave feminism is definitely what feminism should be. It's sad that those identity politics obsessed [[File:SJW.png]] SJWs took over.
 * [[File:Trumpism.png]] Trumpism - Let's just say that you have your ups and downs... The way you make lefties mad is based though.
 * [[File:Islamic Democracy.png]] Islamic Democracy - A much better Muslim, but then again you helped some [[File:Ottoman.png]] certain reactionaries rise to power...
 * [[File:Leftnat.png]] Left-Wing Nationalism - Leftist statist cuck...... who cares about the nation? So anyway, how's #Lexit going?
 * [[File:EndecjaPix.png]] National Democracy - We share many opinions on economy and social cohesion, although he can be very xenophobic.
 * [[File:Cultural Nationalism.png]] Cultural Nationalism - What do you mean "liberalism isn't a culture"?
 * [[File:Korwinism-Pikselart.png]] Korwinism - He really knows how to troll those goddamn SJWs so he's based in that regard! But he can get too homophobic and sexist though. Wait- and he wants monarchy? And some people call me crazy...
 * [[File:Liberaltarianism.png]] Liberaltarianism - Based!.. for a progressive.
 * [[File:3way.png]] Third Way - I mean, it's actually not that bad, but [[File:New Labourism.png]] Blair's administration was kinda awful.
 * [[File:Soclib.png]] Social Liberalism - Meh, bureaucratic progressive... We do come up with some based results though.
 * [[File:Ancapf.png]] Anarcho-Capitalism - I'm a fan of individualism, property, civil liberties and free markets too, but good God, you're weird as hell.

Enemies

 * [[File: Nazi.png]] National Socialism - You ruined nationalism, so fuck off, psycho! The fact that many nationalist movements admire you is just disgusting!
 * [[File:Ultranat.png]] Ultranationalism - Stop infiltrating my movement, you insane totalitarian!
 * [[File:Altr.png]] Alt-Right - SHUT THE FUCK UP, PLEASE! You're hijacking my movements and I really don't care if some of my followers like you, please, leave me alone!
 * [[File: Socdem.png]] Social Democracy - Fucking bureaucrats.
 * [[File: Dsa.png]] Democratic Socialism - Bernie and AOC are commies in denial!
 * [[File:ML.png]] Marxism–Leninism - Yes, I'm a nationalist and a liberal. Problem?
 * [[File:Stalin.png]] Stalinism - The Satan himself!
 * [[File:Nazbol.png]] National Bolshevism - Both Nazi AND commie combined?! Oh you have got to be kidding me!
 * [[File:Reactsoc.png]] Reactionary Socialism - Feudalist, crusadist, socialist, and very racist. No thanks!
 * [[File: Muslim 2.png]] Islamic Theocracy - Please integrate into my culture or go home.
 * [[File: Statlib.png]] State Liberalism - You ruined my name and damaging the nation. Also, #woke for #woke's sake is stupid, not to mention you're trying to force it on everyone.
 * [[File: Neoliberal-icon.png]] Neoliberalism - You force migrants on me and your regulations & taxes are killing us! Glad we're finally leaving the [[File:Cball-EU.png]] EU now.
 * [[File:European Federalism.png]] European Federalism - Brexit goes brrrrrrrrrrrrrr.
 * [[File: Ancom.png]] Anarcho-Communism - Grow up, kiddo.
 * [[File:Antifa.png]] Antifa - You're the real fascist! Please stop throwing milkshakes at me.
 * [[File:Radfem.png]] Radical Feminism - Neither liberal or feminism. You spoil girl is ruining your [[File:Fem.png]] mother's effort.
 * [[File:Jihad.png]] Jihadism - GET. OUT. YOU TERRORIST!
 * [[File: Islamic Marxism.png]] Islamic Marxism - THIS IS WHAT GLOBALISTS TRULY WANT!
 * [[File:Mediastocracy flair.png]] Mediacracy - BuzzFeed is a flaming pile of garbage.
 * [[File:Racenat.png]] Racial Nationalism - For the last time, citizens are citizens you racist bigot!
 * [[File:Ethnonat.png]] Ethnic Nationalism - And the same goes to you, xenophobic trash! Although I agree that mass illegal foreign immigration into my country is cringe.
 * [[File:Protect.png]] Protectionism - Free trade and markets are a must for a truly prosperous nation!

Wikipedia

 * National liberalism
 * [[File:Cball-Austria.png]] Liberalism in Austria
 * Third Camp (In German)
 * German nationalism in Austria
 * Burschenschaft
 * [[File:Cball-Romania.png]] Liberalism and radicalism in Romania

People

 * [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] Rudolf von Bennigsen
 * [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] Gustav Stresemann
 * [[File:Cball-PuertoRico.png]] Luis A. Ferre
 * [[File:Cball-UK.png]] Nigel Farage [[File:UKUKIP.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Netherlands.png]] Pim Fortuyn [[File:Fortuynism.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Netherlands.png]] Geert Wilders [[File:PVV.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Czechia.png]] Václav Klaus [[File:Klausism.png]]
 * Klausism
 * [[File:Cball-England.png]] Carl Benjamin
 * [[File:Cball-Norway.png]] Anders Lange [[File:ProgPartyNorway.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Norway.png]] Erik Gjems-Onstad [[File:ProgPartyNorway.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Norway.png]] Carl Ivar Hagen [[File:ProgPartyNorway.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-US.png]] Dave Rubin
 * [[File:Cball-US.png]] Bruce Bawer
 * [[File:Zio.png]] Benjamin Netanyahu [[File:Bibi.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Russia.png]] Alexei Navalny [[File:RussianOfTheFuture.png]]

Modern Parties

 * [[File:Cball-UK.png]] UK Independence Party (UKIP) [[File:UKUKIP.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-UK.png]] Reform UK (Formerly known as the "Brexit Party")
 * [[File:Cball-Netherlands.png]] Party for Freedom (PVV) [[File:PVV.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Netherlands.png]] Forum for Democracy (FvD) [[File:FvD-icon.png]] (factions)
 * [[File:Cball-Netherlands.png]] JA21
 * [[File:Zio.png]] Likud [[File:Bibi.png]]
 * [[File:Zio.png]] New Hope
 * [[File:Cball-Norway.png]] Progress Party [[File:ProgPartyNorway.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Denmark.png]] Progress Party
 * [[File:Ilminism.png]] People Party
 * [[File:Cball-Belgium.png]] New Flemish Alliance [[File:Cball-Flanders.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Austria.png]] Freedom Party of Austria (factions)
 * [[File:Cball-Austria.png]] Alliance for the Future of Austria
 * [[File:Cball-Switzerland.png]] Freedom Party of Switzerland
 * [[File:Cball-Czechia.png]] Civic Democratic Party [[File:Klausism.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-PuertoRico.png]] New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico
 * [[File:Cball-Montenegro.png]] Liberal Party of Montenegro
 * [[File:Cball-Greece.png]] New Democracy
 * [[File:Cball-Greece.png]] New Right
 * [[File:Cball-Azerbaijan.png]] Republican Alternative Party
 * [[File:Polandball.png]] Kukiz'15
 * [[File:Cball-Canada.png]] People's Party of Canada
 * [[File:Cball-Russia.png]] Russia of the Future [[File:RussianOfTheFuture.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Russia.png]] Democratic Choice
 * [[File:Cball-Hungary.png]] Jobbik [[File:Jobbik.png]] (Post-Rebrand)
 * [[File:Cball-Taiwan.png]] Democratic Progressive Party [[File:DPP-Taiwan.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Egypt.png]] New Wafd Party

Historical and defunct parties

 * [[File:Cball-AustriaHungary.png]] Constitutional Party (1861-1881)
 * [[File:German Empire.png]] National Liberal Party (1867-1918)[[File:PanGerman.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Hungary.png]] National Constitution Party (1905-1918)
 * [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] German People's Party (1918-1933)
 * [[File:Cball-Austria.png]] Greater German People's Party (1920-1934) [[File:PanGerman.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Austria.png]] Federation of Independents (1949-1955) [[File:PanGerman.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Denmark.png]] National Liberal Party (1842-1882)
 * [[File:Cball-Romania.png]] National Liberal Party (1875-1950)
 * National Liberal Party-Brătianu (1930-1938)
 * National Liberal Party-Tătărescu
 * [[File:Cball-Sweden.png]] New Democracy (1991-2000)
 * [[File:Cball-Netherlands.png]] Pim Fortuyn List (2002-2008) [[File:Fortuynism.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Germany.png]]German Freedom Party (2010-2016)
 * [[File:Cball-Japan.png]] Japan Innovation Party (2014-2016)
 * [[File:Cball-Germany.png]] The Blue Party (2017-2019)
 * [[File:Cball-Netherlands.png]] VoorNederland (2014-2017)
 * [[File:Cball-Czechia.png]] Young Czech party

Literature

 * National liberals and their progeny approaching the peculiar developments in peculiar in central European Liberal party traditions 1867-1918,by Oskar Mulej
 * National liberals heirs of the old Austria:deviations in liberal party traditions,1867-1918 by Oskar Mulej
 * The splintered party:national liberalism in the hessen and the reich 1867-1918 by Dan S. White
 * Wreckage of eight years of purple by [[File:Fortuynism.png]]Pym Fortuyn (in dutch)

Articles

 * nationalliberalisme (in Danish)
 * Mises nationalism right self determination and problem of immigration

Videos

 * The defensive liberalism of Geert Wilders

Gallery
Narodowy Liberalizm