Pan-Nationalism

Pan-Nationalism is a Non-Quadrant ideology that believes in transcending traditional boundaries of basic national identities, in order to create a "higher" pan-national identity, based on various common denominators. This pan-national identity could be a certain ethnicity, race, religion, geographical area, or a language. Sometimes they just want a group's "historic land" back (however this could be seen as Irredentism). The pan-nationalist landmass can vary in size and shape.

History and Variants
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[[File:Blacknat.png]] Pan-Africanism
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[[File:PanAmer.png]] Pan-Americanism
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[[File:PanArab.png]] Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism is a movement for the unification of peoples and nations of the Arab world, spanning from North Africa to Arabian peninsula. The movement is closely linked to Arab nationalism, according to which the Arabs form a single nation. It peaked in the 1950's and 1960's and tends to be secular and sometimes socialist, and strongly opposes  colonialism and  Western political activity in the Arab world.

The cradle of Pan-Arabism was the Arabian Peninsula. In 1916, the Sharif of Mecca Hussein bin Ali Al-Hashimi founded the Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz with its capital in the city of Jeddah, which was absorbed by Najd and gave rise to modern nation of  Saudi Arabia. In the wake of Arab solidarity, the struggle for the independence of the states of North Africa also took place after the end of World War II. In 1958, Egypt and  Syria founded the  United Arab Republic, however due to disagreements between the leaders, the country did not last long.

Pan-Arab ideology is supported by some political parties, most notably, Ba'ath. The most prominent figures of the Pan-Arab movement include Gamal Abdel Nasser,  Hafez al-Assad,  Saddam Hussein,  Yasser Arafat,  Muammar Gaddafi, etc.

[[File:PanAsian.png]] Pan-Asianism
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[[File:PanCelt.png]] Pan-Celticism
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[[File:Cball-EU.png]] Pan-Europeanism
"Main article: European Federalism"

[[File:PanGerman.png]] Pan-Germanicism
"See also: National Socialism"

Pan-Germanicism, is a pan-nationalist political idea. Pan-Germanists originally sought to unify all the German-speaking people – and possibly also Germanic-speaking peoples in a single nation-state known as Großdeutschland.

The ideas of Pan-Germanism originated in the early 19th century and were the result of the Napoleonic Wars. These wars have established a new movement that emerged during the French Revolution - Nationalism. Young reformers sought to unite all German lands.

Until the 1860s, Prussia and  Austria were the two most powerful German-speaking states. They tried to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire was a multiethnic state where the Germans did not have an absolute numerical advantage; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnic groups in the empire. Prussia under Bismarck used the ideas of Pan-Germanism to reunite the German lands. The unification of Germany took place in 1871 after the proclamation of Kaiser Wilhelm I as chairman of the Union of German-Speaking States. Many Germans living outside the new empire would have preferred to live under its rule or in an ethnically homogeneous German state, but this desire was met with opposing wishes from other ethnic groups.

After the WWI the influence of German-speaking elites in Europe was severely crippled. Germany was significantly reduced in size following the Treaty of Versailles. Austria-Hungary was divided and Austria adopted the name "German Austria" (Deutschösterreich) and voted overwhelmingly in favor of unification with Germany. This name and unification with Germany were banned by the Allies after the war.

[[File:PanHisp.png]] Pan-Hispanism


Pan-Hispanism refers to a union of Spanish-speaking countries, of a cultural, economic and political nature. The movement is most prominent within the Latin America.

After most of Latin American countries gained independence from Spain, the idea of ​​mutual integration appeared in the new nations to counter the  United States. This idea of ​​Pan-Hispanism not only does not materialize, but in addition to the new nations of Peru,  Gran Colombia, or the  Federal Republic of Central America which end up dividing into other smaller states, which in return, in many cases, end up being confronted in border conflicts. But the idea of ​​unification will remain latent in local ideology, especially in South America.

The modern Pan-Hispanist movement appears with the arrival of socialist ideologies in the region. This movement is marked by the workers' struggles that took place in Latin America during the second half of the 20th century, with successes such as the Cuban revolution and the revolutionary marches of  Che Guevara. In its ideology are many egalitarian ideas, such as re-establishing relations between the Hispanic peoples.

[[File:Native.png]] Pan-Indianism
Pan-Indianism is a philosophical and political approach promoting unity, and to some extent cultural homogenization, among different Native American, First Nations, Inuit and Métis (FNIM) groups in the Americas regardless of tribal distinctions and cultural differences.

[[File:Cball-Iran.png]] Pan-Iranism [[File:PanIranParty.png]]
Pan-Iranism is an ideology prevalent mainly in Iran, whose supporters advocate the unification of the Iranian peoples living in the Iranian highlands and other regions that have significant features of Iranian cultural influence, including  Persians,  Kurds,  Tajiks,  Pashtuns, Balochs (in western  Pakistan) and many others. Almost all followers of Pan-Panism also include Azeris in their ideology, even though they speak a Turkic-based language, partly or mostly, are of Iranian origin according to Pan-Iranists.

[[File:Panscan.png]] Pan-Scandinavism and Pan-Nordism
"For the political pan-nordism: Nordic Model"

Pan-Scandinavianism is a literary and political movement for the comprehensive unification of the Scandinavian countries. Pan-Scandinavism and Pan-Nordicism are interchangeable definitions of the literary, linguistic and cultural movement, which aims to spread the idea of ​​a common Nordic past, cultural heritage, Scandinavian mythology, one linguistic root - the Old Norse language; the movement led to the creation of joint periodicals.

Pan-Scandinavism includes countries like Denmark,  Norway and  Sweden.

Pan-Nordism  in addition to the previously mentioned three countries, also includes Finland and  Iceland.

The movement was initiated by students from Danish and Swedish universities in the 1840s, with its center in Scania. Initially, the political elites of the two countries, including the absolute monarchs Christian VIII of Denmark and Charles XIV of Sweden, distrusted the movement. Therefore, the Danish police kept the supporters of this movement under close surveillance.

Hans Christian Andersen became a supporter of the movement after visiting Sweden in 1837 and promised himself to write a poem that would demonstrate the connection between Swedes, Danes and Norwegians. In July 1839, during a visit to the island of Funen, Andersen first wrote the text of the poem Jeg er en Skandinav (I am a Scandinavian), which became the national Scandinavian anthem and in which Andersen tried to convey "the beauty of the Nordic spirit, the way the three sister nations have gradually grown together". Composer Otto Lindblad put poetry to music and the composition was published in January 1840. It reached the peak of its popularity in 1845, after which it was rarely mentioned.

Pan-Nordism has its roots in pan-scandinavism, but the ideology has been extended to include all the Nordic nations as well as the three autonomous territories of both the Faroe Islands and  Greenland of  Denmark as well as  Åland islands in  Finland. The desire is a much closer collaboration than it is today. Based on a common culture and values, a new union is envisaged, preferably according to the same model as the EU.

It finds some support in environments that are critical of the EU, but as of today, it is a rarely mentioned political alternative; No pan-nordic union has been on the political agenda in any of the Nordic countries, although Eva-Kristin Pedersen in 2009 promoted the idea of a new Kalmar Union in the Minerva magazine.

[[File:PanSlav.png]] Pan-Slavism
Pan-Slavism is a movement that emerged in the mid-19th century and a political ideology that promotes the integrity and unity of the Slavic peoples. Its main influence occurred in the Balkans, where non-Slavic empires ruled the southern Slavs for centuries. These were mainly the Byzantine Empire,  Austria-Hungary and  the Ottoman Empire.

[[File:Cball-Yugoslavia-old.png]] Southern Slavs and Yugoslavia [[File:Tito.png]]
In the Balkans, Pan-slavists would often turn to Russia for support. The southern Slavic movement advocated for the independence of the Slavic peoples within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Republic of Venice and  the Ottoman Empire. Some Serbian intellectuals tried to unite all the southern Balkan slavs, whether they were Catholic ( Croats and Slovenes), Orthodox ( Serbs,  Bulgarians, also  Montenegrins and modern-day  Northern Macedonians) or even Muslim ( Bosniaks) as a "South Slavic nation with three faiths".

After the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918, Yugoslavism gained a new political and state dimension. However, a key step towards the political redefinition of Yugoslavism was made only in 1929, when the official name of the state was changed to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. From that moment on, all the inhabitants of Yugoslavia became Yugoslavs on the basis of their citizenship. At the same time, in addition to the national state, Yugoslavia gained a special ethno-national significance in the form of the ideology of Integral Yugoslavism, which was based on the thesis of the existence of a single nation. Integral Yugoslavism was based on the denial of the existence of separate ethnicities, which were reduced to a subnational level and declared as mere tribes within a single Yugoslav nation. The policy of Integral Yugoslavism was actively pursued in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from the introduction of the 6 January dictatorship in 1929, until the death of King Alexander I in 1934, after which it fell into crisis, and experienced a complete collapse between 1939 and 1941.

During the Second World War, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia propagated a special form of federalist Yugoslavia which, after 1945, under the slogan of brotherhood and unity, became the backbone of state policy in the new socialist Yugoslavia, which was organized as a  federal state. Although the federalist concept of Yugoslavia was proclaimed as an official state and party policy, significant differences and divisions emerged among the Yugoslav communists over time between proponents of federalist centralism and proponents of political decentralization. During the political crisis that lasted from 1966 to 1974, the second current prevailed, and after 1980, following the death of Josip Broz Tito, the first proponents of confederal Yugoslavia appeared, who advocated the transformation of Yugoslavia into a confederation of sovereign republics.

Yugoslavia suffered a heavy blow during the political crisis that led to the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990's, which permanently compromised the concept of any political unity of the Yugoslav peoples. Serbia and Montenegro's attempt to preserve a narrow Yugoslavia after 1992 through the creation of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ended in failure. The narrowed political concept of Yugoslavia was formally abandoned in 2003, when the FRY was reorganized into a state union called Serbia and Montenegro. Eventually, both Serbia and  Montenegro became their own separate states in 2006.

[[File:Polandball.png]] Western Slavs and Czechoslovakia [[File:Cball-Czechia.png]] [[File:Cball-Slovakia.png]]
19th century Pan-Slavism has influenced Poland. It inspired sympathy for other oppressed Slavic peoples seeking to restore independence. While Pan-Slavism fought against Austria-Hungary for the freedom of the South Slavs, the Poles inspired other Slavic peoples for the liberation struggle with their insubordination. It was the melody and motive of the Polish national liberation song called Mazurka Dobrowski that served as the basis for the creation of a number of Slavic hymns and the pan-Slavic anthem "Hey, Slavs!"

The creation of the Pan-Slavic Federation was promoted by Roman Dmowski, a Polish neo-Slavist and one of the fathers of modern independent Poland. After Poland gained independence in 1918, they to some extent considered Pan-Slavism as a vector of political development, in particular, there were plans to create a Central European Federation - Intermarium, which would unite the majority of Slavic peoples, with the exception of Soviet Russia. During the communist era of Polish statehood, Pan-Slavic rhetoric was used as a tool to promote friendship with the USSR to justify its control over the country. The issue of Pan-Slavism was not part of the main political agenda and was widely viewed as an ideology of Soviet influence.

Czechoslovakism appeared as early as the 19th century, its most notable ideologists were Bohuslav Tablic, Juraj Palkovič, Ján Kollár and Pavel Josef Šafařík. During the WWI it was the basis for the national liberation of Czechs and  Slovaks and the basis for the creation of a common Czechoslovak state. The concept of Czechoslovakism was the most successful concept of liberating Czechs in the Czech lands and Slovaks in Slovakia from unequal position in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy based on Kollár's and Palacký's ideas of ​​Czech and Slovak unity.

However, Czechoslovakism cannot be defined only as a concept of the origin of the Czechoslovak nation or tribe from defense and national tendencies, the idea had a supra-national meaning, which wanted to overcome the provincialism of environment and thought, wanted to change the excessive isolation and modesty of Czech or Slovak politics and democracy. After the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, it became a state doctrine, which was enshrined in the constitution of 1920.

Not all Czechoslovaks supported this ideology. When the Czech Republic was occupied by Nazis before the World War 2, a Slovak Nazi puppet state was formed on the territory of  Slovakia. Following the end of the war Czechoslovakia was reunited, but the ideology of a "single nation" was not fully restored. The end of this concept was the 1968 Constitution, which proclaimed Czechoslovakia a federation of two national republics.

In 1993 Czechoslovakia ceased to exist and two independent nations of Czech Republc and  Slovakia formed shortly after.

[[File:Cball-Russia.png]] [[File:Cball-Belarus.png]] Eastern Slavs [[File:Cball-Ukraine.png]] [[File:Cball-Belarus-old.png]]
During the Revolution of 1848-49 in the Austrian Empire,  Ukrainians in Galicia began to establish contacts with Slavic figures of the Austrian Empire, in particular, took part in the Slavic Congress in Prague (June 1848). Influenced by ideas from Russia, part of the Ukrainian intelligentsia embarked on the path of Russophilia, which was supported by Russian Panslavist circles.

Some of the leading Ukrainian figures of science and culture of the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, in particular Mykhaylo Hrushevskyi, openly opposed Pan-Slavism, seeing it as a threat to the national interests of the Ukrainian people.

During the Soviet era, Bolshevik teachings viewed Pan-slavism as a reactionary element previously used by the Russian Empire. As a result, the Bolsheviks saw this as contrary to their Marxist ideology. However, with the outbreak of World War II, the Stalinist government considered it necessary to use an all-Slavic policy, as a result of which in 1942, a Pan-Slavic Congress was held in Moscow.

In the modern times, with the dissolution of federal states such as Czechoslovakia and  Yugoslavia and the problem of  Russian dominance in any proposed all-Slavic organization, the idea of pan-Slavic unity is mostly considered dead in the Western world. Also, the appeals to Pan-Slavism are often made in Belarus,  Russia,  Serbia and  Slovakia.

[[File:PanTurk.png]] Pan-Turkism [[File:Ottoman.png]]
Pan-Turkism is a doctrine in states inhabited by Turkic peoples, which is based on the idea of the need for their political consolidation on the basis of ethnic, cultural and linguistic community. Formed in the second half of the 19th century, the movement began among the Turkic people in the Crimean peninsula, who initially sought to unite with the Turks of the Ottoman Empire.

In 1804, the Tatar theologian Ghabdennasir Qursawi wrote a treatise calling for the modernization of Islam. Qursawi was a Jadid and they encouraged critical thinking, supporting education and the equality of the sexes, and advocated tolerance for other faiths, Turkic cultural unity, and openness to Europe’s cultural legacy. The Jadid movement was founded in 1843 in Kazan, Russia. Its aim was a semi-secular modernization and educational reform, with a national (but not religious) identity for the Turkic peoples.

Pan-Turkism in the Russian Empire can also trace its roots goes back to Terciman (meaning Translator in Crimean Tatar), a Crimean Tatar newspaper which was published in 1883 in Bağçasaray (Bakhchysarai) by the all-Turkic Russian public figure, educator and publicist Ismail Gaspirali (Gasprinski). Terciman was eventually banned by the Bolsheviks in 1918 and is not published to this day. The first female editor and journalist among the Russian Turks was the wife of Gasprinski, Zukhra Akchurina. The idea of ​​enlightenment found a response among the Crimean, Volga-Ural, Central Asian and Azerbaijani and even Russian intelligentsia and clergy.

As an ideology, Pan-Turkism was finally formed by the end of the 19th century. Pan-Turkism became one of the elements of the Young Turk ideology, as a result of which the Ottoman government provided assistance to various nationalist movements in Central Asia during the civil war of 1918-1921 in  Russia. In 1923, Turkish journalist Ziya Gökalp published the book Basic principles of Turkism, which became the last and rather significant contribution to the ideology of Pan-Turkism.

After the so-called "Kemalist revolution", the ideas of Pan-Turkism were forgotten as the official ideology of the new Turkey, since  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk took a course towards restructuring the country in a Western style. Some revival of the Pan-Turkic ideas took place after his death in 1938.

After Turkey's accession to NATO, these ideas regained relevance as a means of ideological struggle against the  USSR, with the aim of tearing the republics of Central Asia and  Azerbaijan away from it.

The collapse of the USSR created some conditions for the restoration of the Pan-Turkic movement. Turkey was no longer the sole Turkic nation, as independent states of Azerbaijan,  Kazakhstan,  Kyrgyzstan,  Turkmenistan and  Uzbekistan all appeared in 1991.

In modern times, this idea is prevalent by some nationalist movements mainly in Turkey and Azerbaijan. Some Pan-Turkic movements and organizations are focusing on the economic integration of the sovereign Turkic states and hope to form an economic and political union similar to the European Union.

[[File:PanUral.png]] Pan-Uralicism
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Personality and Behavior
Pan-Nationalism's personality can vary depending on what pan-nationalist identity is being represented. For example, Pan-Europism would often be depicted as a supporter of Oswald Mosley and going about how "Europe lives & Marches on!" And Pan-Scandinavism would often be depicted talking about the Kalmar-Union and really, really hating Gustav Vasa. (Although, some personality traits are more consistent.) He is seen in comics dreaming about his pan-nationalist country finally becoming true. He is also seen being very proud about his pan-nationalist nation.

How to Draw
Pannat_flag.svg


 * 1) Draw a ball
 * 2) Color the ball sky blue
 * 3) Draw the landmass of the ball white
 * 4) Color the territory the pan nationalist ideology would have orange
 * 5) Draw a hat to represent the pan nationalist ideology
 * 6) Draw eyes and then you're done!

Friends

 * [[File:Globnat.png]] Alter-Globalization - The only good form of globalism!
 * [[File: Cosmo.png]] Cosmopolitanism - We shall work together to build a better tomorrow!
 * [[File:Pop.png]] Populism - Left wing or right wing, we don't care! Our people must be united!
 * [[File: Civnat.png]] Civic Nationalism - A real patriot helps to make his country a better place!
 * [[File:Irridentism.png]] Irredentism - Taking it to the extreme, aren't you?
 * Leftnat.png Left-Wing Nationalism - Left-Wing or Right-wing, it doesn't matter as long as you are a nationalist!

Frenemies

 * [[File: Nation.png]] Nationalism - I like the nationalism, but you don't have your brothers inside the nation!
 * [[File: Imp.png]] Imperialism - A good way to unite our brothers but please stop attacking us! It's okay when we do it though.

Enemies

 * [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]] Neoliberalism - You are pure evil!
 * [[File:Multicult.png]] Multiculturalism - Your promises are all lies!
 * [[File:World.png]] Globalism - Fake globalism! You just want to take over!

Wikipedia

 * Pan-nationalism
 * Pan-Africanism
 * Pan-European nationalism
 * Panhispanism
 * Pan-Americanism
 * Pan-Germanism
 * Pan-Slavism
 * Pan-Arabism
 * Pan-Scandinavism