Anarcho-Capitalism

Anarcho-Capitalism (AnCap), also called Private Property Anarchy, Private Law Society, and Rothbardianism, as well a bunch of other names, is a political ideology, as well as a theoretical social order, based around Classical Liberal conception of  property rights,  individualism, and  rejection of the state but lead to its logical conclusion, the elimination of it. It favours market-based alternatives for all services that most modern states currently provide, including security and national defense, roads, education, healthcare, creation of currency (Having a strong support for hard money and believing that said free banking system would lead to money becoming "harder" and money supply, more stable), law,   (through a system called "polycentric law"), etc.

On the political compass diagram, Anarcho-Capitalism is consistently identified as being on the absolute bottom and on the absolute (economic) right, with the only ideology surpassing it on both regards being the fictional ideology, Avaritionism, on cultural regards it is ambiguous and varies from person to person.

Proto-Anarcho-Capitalist Societies
Anarcho-Capitalist intellectuals have identified a set of historical societies to be in essence Anarcho-Capitalist in practice, or have practiced Anarcho-Capitalist ideas.

A relatively well-known example of proto-ancap society has been the Republic of Cospaia, an Italian micropolity which existed outside of the reaches of both the Papal States and the Holy Roman Empire, and existed from 1440 and 1826. Cospaia lacked any centralised body which specialised in the initialisation of forced payment on others, the closest body which Cospaia had for a state (The council of Elders and Family Heads) was financed through a contribution of its volunteering members and only enforced its verdicts through disassociation.

Other examples of historical societies which practiced elements of Anarcho-Capitalist theory include the system of Brehon Law in Ireland said to be an example of private law and which lasted from around the Bronze to the interregnum of  Cromwell as well as the Italian city-state of Genoa which effectively practiced a system of private national defence. By far the most well-known example of a Proto-Anarcho-Capitalist society has been the Icelandic Commonwealth (less formally known as medieval Iceland).

David Friedman also holds in his book, "Legal systems very different from ours," that many societies have put in practice systems of private law, either where both prosecution and law enforcement were carried out privately, or, where prosecution was carried out privately but law enforcement was carried out by the state. Among the societies he says have had private law systems, either fully or partially, there are the afore mentioned Early Irish/Brehon and the  Icelandic legal systems, but he also writes about  Jewish law, Imperial  Chinese Law,  Feudal law, 18th Century  English law, among others.

Bryan Caplan, in his Anarchist Theory FAQ (version 5.2), states that both left-libertarians and  right-libertarians have written on the "nearly anarchistic" free cities of medieval Europe. He says that, though anarcho-capitalists have written less on the subject, they generally praise Henri Pirenne's and Harold Berman's historical treatment.

Other anarcho-capitalists also cite the American "Wild West" as an illustration of anarcho-capitalist institutions. Others also note that, while the USA was never anarchist, pre-20th century America came the closest to its  laissez-faire ideals than ever. Murray Rothbard shows special interest in American colonial and revolution periods, publishing four volumes on the topic and writing a fifth unpublished volume on the advantages of the Articles of the Confederation over the American Constitution. There he writes, among many other things, about a brief period in Pennsylvania's history when the state was essentially disolved due to lack of interest.

Proto-Anarcho-Capitalist Thinkers
There have been a number of individuals that have been described as being very similar to anarcho-capitalism in their thought, primarily in the Classical Liberal tradition.

A notable figure that has been identified as one of the first people to advocate for an anarcho-capitalist system in a modern form was the Belgian economist of the French liberal school, and student of Frédéric Bastiat, Gustave de Molinari (1819-1912), known for advocating a competitive market in the area of production of security services. Molinari was also an abolitionist and a critic of the French Revolution and the policy of  Statism it had brought.

A set of important figures to the development of Anarcho-Capitalist theory was the movement of Boston Anarchists, specifically Benjamin R. Tucker (1854-1939) and Lysander Spooner (1808-1887), to whom Murray Rothbard referred as "unsurpassed as political philosophers." He also stated that (he believed) politically, the differences between his ideal system and theirs were minor, but economically, that is, what he and they thought the economic consequences this political system would bring, the differences were substantial.

Another figure, whose political writings could be considered partially proto-anarcho-capitalist, is Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), who pondered on the question of whether or not the evolution of society under a free market would lead to the abolishment of the state, although he himself did not come to a conclusion of whether it would or would not happen.

Auberon Herbert (1834-1906), who was largely inspired by Herbert Spencer's writings, is a figure who is also considered a 'proto-anarcho-capitalist:' Herbert is known to be the first person to use the term "Voluntarism" (or rather "Voluntaryism") within a political context, a term used by followers of Anarcho-Capitalism and other Libertarian circles to this day. Auberon Herbert's doctrine is based on the complete voluntarisation of the role of government authority, and the creation of a system of "voluntary taxation," and the creation of a system based first, and foremost, on private property and self-ownership. And, although Herbert largely dismissed the term, " Anarchist," he was described as a "true anarchist in everything but name" by Benjamin Tucker.

Lastly, out of proto-anarcho-capitalist figures there is the American Geolibertarian author, Albert Jay Nock (1870-1945), whose politics are often described as  Anarcho-Conservative. Nock has criticized all forms of Economic Interventionism, both in the form of  Soviet Communism and the  Social Democratic policies of the New Deal.

Modern Anarcho-Capitalist Thinkers
Moving on to recent times, there are a number of thinkers that identify as "Anarcho-Capitalists," They all have slight differences, but they all agree the state should be abolished, and laissez-faire capitalism is either the system compatible with the most amount of freedom or the system that would lead to the most generalized well-being, or (usually) both.

Most Anarcho-Capitalist thinkers are followers of the Austrian School of economics, such as: Murray Rothbard, the formal creator of Anarcho-Capitalism,  Lew Rockwell,  Hans-Hermann Hoppe, Walter Block,  Roderick T. Long, etc. However, there are exceptions, such as  David Friedman, Milton Friedman's son.

Friedman's reasons for being an Anarcho-Capitalist are also different from Rothbard's: While both criticize the state from both an ethical and economic standpoint, Rothbard focuses a lot on the unethicacy of the state, and natural rights. David, on the other hand, takes a more consequentialist approach; theorizing that Anarcho-Capitalism is the system that would lead to the most well-being.

Internal conflicts
WIP

Within the anarcho-capitalist movement (and more broadly, the libertarian movement) there are some disagreements worth metioning:

Abortion
Abortion is typically regarded as the topic that divides libertarians the most. One may identify 4 sides on this debate. The pro-choice, evictionists, departurists, and pro-life. Pro-choice and pro-life are the more standard views on this debate, while evictionism and departurism are particularly libertarian since their justification stems from property rights.
 * Evictionism: It is the idea that a pregnant woman is allowed to evict the fetus at any time (take the fetus off of her womb) but she must do so in the "gentlest way, a way that doesn't directly kill the fetus unless needed, and only after notifying the local authorities (such as hospitals, orphanages, churches, local parents, etc...) that she has given up custody of the child if they desire to take care of the fetus (homestead the right to take care of it). This is based on the idea that the woman is a self-owner and the fetus is a trespasser who she is allowed to evict from her property (her body) as long as the force employed is proportional (not killing it) and, since the fetus is considered under custody of the mother, abandoning it also requires her to notify others. This view is held by thinkers such as Walter Block.
 * Departurism: It, similarly to evictionism, views the fetus as a distinctly human being mens rea trespassing, and both separate the concept of eviction, which both see as broadly justifiable (if carried out in the gentlest way possible), with the concept of abortion (lethal eviction), which both conceive more narrowly. However, opposite to evictionism, departurism holds that, if the mother's actions are to conform the gentleness requisite of eviction, she must allow for the "continued departure" of the trespasser (fetus) until the eviction is no longer indirectly lethal (the fetus is viable outside of the womb). This comes from the comparison with a case similar to abortion where there is a trespasser who is unable to act or leaving the property it's on on its own, but posses no danger to the owner or his property and the eviction will result in its death, case under which libertarian law would see the eviction in the earlier (deathly) stages as unrightful. Since the mentioned conditions apply for both cases, the verdict for one should apply for both.

Inmigration
This issue is and has historically been quite controversial in the libertarian circles. Culturally right conservative factions have positions opposed to open borders, free migration and more aligned with  Right-nationalists in state systems, while in the absense of the state, since everything would be privately owned, there wouldn't be any such thing as open borders; they ideally want property owners and communities to decide who can enter or not in their property. This mustn't be interpreted as saying that open borders don't increase productivity or that they decrease wages, or anything of the kind, their objection,generally,is not about economics is more concerned about the problems of violence that causes the cohabitation of different groups of people in a same legal system that don't like each other, on the right of association individuals and that private property borders are better than public owned borders both in utility and ethical grounds. On the other hand, mostly made up of progressives and culturally left, favour open borders and free migration in  state systems, with some few also proposing this for an Anarcho-Capitalist society. It's worthnoting that Murray Rothbard initially favoured this last position, opening the think-tank "Cato Institute" for promoting this idea in a libertarian perspective, which nowdays still does, but later it would change to the private property borders and more "rightist" position that would very influential in the Paleo-Alliance  circles, taking for example the Paleolibertarian think-tank Mises Institute and Rothbard's pupil,  Hans Herman Hoppe.

Foundations and beliefs
The fundamental belief of all Anarcho-Capitalism are the following:
 * Economics:
 * The [[file:sec.png]] state as a legitimized [[file:corp.png]] monopoly of protection and law-enforcement (not simply one that produces most of a given good but that is legally protected from any competition) over a given territory. Since every monopoly must lead to inefficiency, the state is necessarily more violent and less productive than private enterprises, even at producing security.
 * Any robbery decreases stock of present goods, thus increasing time-preference of a given individual (preference for present over future goods), but taxation, being constant and considered legitimate, not only increases time-preferences but changes its pattern (by also decreasing, at an unknown rate, the future stock of goods), making people less forward-thinking, making investment less rewarding and slowing or even reversing the civilization effect it causes by increasing real income and decreasing social time-preference.
 * Ethics:
 * All use of force, when not employed in self-defence, is unjustified. They define coercion as any initiation force, or legitimate threat thereof, over an individual's body or their property. The idea that there is a natural right to own oneself and the natural resources one employs before anyone else (one's private property), for Rothbard, stems from the fact that it's impossible to establish universal ethics if one is to deny this fact, while for Hoppe, it stems from the fact that arguing against [[File:Property.png]] propertarian ethics inevitably leads to performative contradictions. Another wing within anarcho-capitalists can be called "intuitionists", who believe natural rights exists since they can be naturally intuited.

Because of this foundational philosophical view (which is deduced differently though universally agreed for), anarcho-capitalists necessarily view taxation as theft, and any form of theft as illegitimate (though, depending on the case, not necessarily immoral). And they belive the same for any regulation on individuals' behavior or control over their property which doesn't result from a contractually-binding, voluntary relationship.

In fact, because they don't see majority rule as a legitimate form of electing representatives (since voluntary contracts must be unanimous), anarcho-capitalists argue against democracy, viewing subjection through democracy as no better than subjection through any other kind of government, some believing monarchism to be a preferable system.

The anarcho-capitalist would take this view as far as to say government itself should be abolished, as there is no legitimate contract binding government and citizens together, and much less one that everyone has signed.

[[File:Volu.png]] Voluntaryism
Voluntaryism is a political ideology inhabiting the bottom right of the compass, with no specific cultural implications, although considering it respects voluntary actions when there is no harm to another human it tends not to be conservative. It is one of the only Anarchist ideologies that doesn't call itself Anarchist.

It primarily believes that violence is never, ever, justified to be initiated in a non-defensive way, and seeing taxation as robbery it believes it should be voluntary (Basically that services are given by private organizations and it's voluntary to pay them, you pay them if you want to use that service).

It also believes that the state is the monopoly of violence and wants to suppress them, but thinks "government" means every kind of organization, not necessarily political.

It was theorized in 1908 in Auberon Herbert's (posthumous) writing, "The Voluntaryist Creed", though these views were also exposed in previous works. It is probably among the first, full theoretical interpretations of a society completely based on liberty and property rights (probably only preceded by "The Production of Security" by Gustave de Molinari in 1849, and "Social Statistics" by Herbert Spencer in 1851), which greatly influenced Anarcho-Capitalism.

Despite its creator never describing himself as an " Anarchist", he was called an "Anarchist in everything but name" by Benjamin Tucker, after his death in 1906.

Personality and Behaviour
AnCap is usually portrayed as AnCap Picardia memes personified, which tells you everything: His general absurd behavior is usually rationalized by the fact not a lot of people really wanting to believe in his ideology.

 Stylistic Notes 

This isn't Anarchyball, so no balding AnCap please.

How to Draw
Ancap_flag.svg The flag of anarcho-capitalism is a diagonal bicolour of Gold and Black, representing Capitalism (and hard money), and  Anarchism, respectively. The origins of the flag of anarcho-capitalism date back to Robert LeFevre's 'Freedom School' in Colorado that, in the years 1963-1964, held a winter and spring long 'Phrontistery,' in which the Anarcho-Capitalist flag was first shown in public.


 * 1) Draw a ball with eyes.
 * 2) Draw a diagonal Bicolour with Gold or Yellow at the top and Black at the bottom.

And you should be done.

Friends

 * [[File:Libertarian.png]] Libertarianism - I agree with many things he says, but just a small state? The mere existence of the state is a threat to life, liberty, and property.
 * [[File:Minarchist.png]] Minarchism - My moderate friend...
 * [[File:Paleolib.png]] Paleolibertarianism - Pretty much the same as Libertarian, but conservative. We both like Murray Rothbard and Lew Rockwell.
 * [[File:Korwinism-Pikselart.png]] Korwinism - Crazy Polish statist friend and business partner.
 * [[File:Pinkcap.png]] Pink Capitalism - My LGBT sibling. My more cultural left self.
 * [[File:Hoppef.png]] Hoppeanism - End Hoppephobia! My more cultural right self.
 * [[File:Anpacf.png]] Anarcho-Pacifism - You're cute and the only other person who supports Adam Kokesh 20 20 24.
 * [[File:Anin.png]] Anarcho-Individualism - You share and respect your love for individualism; collectivism is truly a damaging and an unnatural mindset.
 * [[File:Anmark2.png]] Market Anarchism - You want to abolish private property? Forbid waged labor? No? Then what is left about you?
 * [[File:Agorismf.png]] Agorism - Child and my dealer.
 * [[File:Austrobert.png]] Austrolibertarianism - Based economics!
 * [[File:Reactlib-icon.png]] Reactionary Libertarianism - He's great, but he does give me a bad rap with the whole feudalism thing.
 * [[File:Panarchy.png]] Panarchism - Voluntary adscription governments competing between them? Absolutely based.
 * [[File:Ecocap.png]] Eco-Capitalism - Private property rights is the best form to deal with contamination.
 * [[File:Altl.png]] Alt-Lite - "the most effective rebuttal to, the egalitarian program: to expose it as a mask for the drive to power of the now ruling left-liberal intellectual and media elites"
 * [[File:Yellow Unionism.png]] Yellow Unionism - Best type of trade unions.
 * [[File:Libertfem.png]] Libertarian Feminism
 * [[File:Natlib.png]] National Libertarianism - [[File:nation.png]] Nations are clearly different from states, and earlier [[File:libertarian.png]] libertarians were very aware of it. [[File:Bhl.png]] Modern libertarians often forget that everyone is born into family, with a language, and a culture, part of one or several ethnic group(s), and with specific values and traditions.

Frenemies

 * [[File:Chilib.png]] Chicagoan Libertarianism - We would get along a whole lot better if you simply dropped that whole [[File:Monet.png]] Monetarism thingy and stopped being so neoclassical.
 * [[File:Plcn2.png]] Paleoconservatism - Yes,the good ol' american right. We used to get [[File:Buchanan.png]] along fine but now he became a statist [[File:Protect.png]] protectionist.
 * [[File:Conlib.png]] Conservative Liberalism - Stop ignoring me, dad! TAXATION IS THEFT! 1776! No step on snek!
 * [[File:Clib.png]] Classical Liberalism - No taxation without representation? How about NO TAXATION?
 * [[File: Hayek.png]] Hayekism - Reduced taxation?! how about NO TAXATION, you [[File: Keynes.png]] Keynesian, [[File:Soc.png]] Commie scum!
 * [[File:Obj.png]] Objectivism - A walking contradiction and a borderline sect.
 * [[File:LeftRothbardianismPix.png]] Left-Rothbardianism - Your Egalitarian sentiments are a revolt against human nature.
 * [[File:Capcom.png]] Capitalist Communism - 50% of the time, he is right. If only he was cut in half …
 * [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]] Neoliberalism - Fellow capitalism fan, but please stop violating the NAP so much.
 * [[File:PCB-Juche.png]] Juche - Well, I know he's an tyrannical commie and all that, but he hates taxes, smokes weed and also my frequent recreational McNuke™ customer; I kind of have to respect the guy.
 * [[File:Mutalist.png]] Mutualism - Another free-market lover, except the whole socialism thingy is quite cringe (he does spit some facts every once in a while, though ).
 * [[File:Avar.png]] Avaritionism - Basically me on LSD and crack but without the NAP. NAP is based; otherwise, it's just chaos.
 * [[File:Tito.png]] Titoism - "The principle in the Communist countries should be: land to the peasants and the factories to the workers."
 * [[File:Fash.png]] Fascism - You are pretty cringe but some of my "followers" become you or [[File:Anarcho-Fascismalt.png]] Anarcho-Fascism.
 * [[File: Dengf.png]] Dengism - Most based commie I have ever seen: Even though you are a filthy statist, you at LEAST allow markets to prosper, and also, you have child-run sweat-shops, so you are cool in my book.
 * [[File:Guevara.png]] Guevarism - You're a cringe tankie but Rothbard praised you apparently? Also, I and my partners made a lot of money selling your face on shirts.
 * [[File:Polpot.png]] Pol Potism - Tyrannical genocidal commi- wait, you blew up the central bank of Cambodia?
 * [[File:Posadist.png]] Posadism - Always a reliable recreational McNuke™ customer; no matter how drastic, business is business.
 * [[File:Soul.png]] Soulism/Acid Communism [[File:Acidcomf.png]] - Great customers, regardless of our views on economics.
 * [[File:Tradcon.png]] Classical Conservatism - Right-wing statist, although [[File:Libclasscon2.png]] Powell was based.
 * [[File:Nrx.png]] Neoreactionarism - Formalism is absolutely based, yet you still support the state.
 * [[File:PCB-Neocam.png]] Neocameralism - The son of above, private property government corporation is somewhat based.
 * [[File:Natcon.png]] National Conservatism -Right-nationalist statist,some of you are somewhat based.
 * [[File:Nalib.png]] National Liberalism - Same as above but classical liberal, which makes him better, also Farage is based.
 * [[File:Helicopter_Man.png]] Pinochetism - You're a dictator that threw commies out of helicopters? That's horrifying but totally based !
 * [[File:Rpop.png]] Right-Wing Populism - You can be useful but please be less statist.
 * [[File:Right Reformism.png]] Right Reformism - Same for you,also be more radical.
 * [[File:Whitesup.png]] White Nationalism - Having racial preferences isn't bad but please drop statism,David Duke is a good friend. Also will you calm down the antisemitism? Rothbard was Jewish.
 * [[File: Libms.png]] Libertarian Market Socialism
 * [[File:Trumpism.png]] Trumpism - Filthy statist and protectionist, but keep those tax and regulation cuts coming.
 * [[File:libfem.png]] Liberal Feminism

Enemies

 * [[File:Marxlen.png]] Marxism–Leninism - An ideology only there to oppress and enslave: He's a governmental tyranny at its worse. All you commies do is worship St*lin, justify war crimes, simp for China, and beg for bread.
 * [[File:Ancom.png]] Whiny Communist - An oxymoron; you need a state to enforce communism. This ideology is just [[File:PCB-ML.png]] Marxism–Leninism but enforced by the majority. Thanks for buying my drugs, though.
 * [[File:AnSynd.png]] Anarcho-Syndicalism - What? it's just a more communist-looking ancom. How many ancom clones even are there?! (Psst, wanna buy this hoodie?)
 * [[File:Stalin.png]] Stalinism - The very definition of evil.
 * [[File:Feud.png]] Feudalism - I AM NOTHING LIKE HIM FOR FUCK'S SAKE!
 * [[File:Reactsoc.png]] Reactionary Socialism - Are you not just [[File:Feud.png]] Feudalism again?
 * [[File:Nazi.png]] National Socialism - A crooked statist: violated millions of people's rights by taking them to somewhere they don't want to go; therefore, he is a crooked NAP-violator and one of my biggest enemies!
 * [[File:Natbol.png]] National Bolshevism - The worst of Marxism-Leninism and National Socialism. Also, you made my [[File:Pinkcap.png]] sibling cry.
 * [[File:Anfashf.png]] Anarcho-Fascism - You're literally just a commie troll to make me look stupid, aren't you?
 * [[File:Keynes.png]] Keynesianism - Statist cuck who's devaluating our currency and ruining the economy!
 * [[File:Corp.png]] Corporatocracy - Big corporations can be just as exploitative (not only to the free market but to people's lives) as an authoritarian government; oh, and also, GAMESTOP TO THE MOON! $GME, $GME, $GME, $GME, $GME, $GME...
 * [[File:Klep.png]] Kleptocracy - Another crony fuck who exploits the free market for himself!
 * [[File:Plutocrat.png]] Plutocracy - What makes you think that I should simp for you? Just because you're rich doesn't mean you're automatically OK in my book! You'll be just like any other government officials.
 * [[File:Monet.png]] Monetarism - END THE FED! You cancerous NAP-violator!
 * [[File:Socdem.png]] Social Democracy - Stop raising taxes on the rich, you far-left communist! Just let the free market take care of everything!
 * [[File:Georgist.png]] Georgism - Damn the land commies! At least, you're a fellow capitalist, though.
 * [[File:Socliber.png]] Social Libertarianism - You call yourself a lolbert yet want the government to give you my money, perfidious socialist!
 * [[File:Necon.png]] Neoconservatism - Yo, so I heard you like to go to foreign countries and kill all their people for your statist agenda?! Bro, what the hell is wrong with you?! It's totally not the same when I use child slavery in the third world!
 * [[File:Dsa.png]] Democratic Socialism - Bernie is a tyrannical commie! Screw your dream welfare state: He's literally trying to turn the U.S. into a planned economy! Do YOU want our country turn into the next Soviet Union?!
 * [[File:Ochlo.png]] Ochlocracy - Hive-Mind-lite that doesn't care about the individual and violates the NAP.
 * [[File:Hmind.png]] Hive-Mind Collectivism - The future the goddamn commies want!
 * [[File:marxfem.png]] Marxist Feminism - Only unrestrained markets can liberate women!
 * [[File:Regulationism.png]] Regulationism - You're socialists solutions only worse the situation,the state can't solve anything!
 * [[File:Libsoc.png]] Libertarian Socialism - Socialism needs government! Oxymoron
 * [[File:Libmarx.png]] Libertarian Marxism

Further Information
For overlapping political theory, see: Classical Liberalism • Austrolibertarianism •  Anarcho-Individualism •  Libertarianism  Objectivism •  Hoppeanism •  Agorism

Literature

 * Anatomy of the State by Murray Rothbard
 * For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto by Murray Rothbard
 * What Has Government Done to Our Money? by Murray Rothbard
 * The Ethics of Liberty by Murray Rothbard
 * Man, Economy, and State by Murray Rothbard
 * Against The State: An Anarcho-Capitalist Manifesto (Preview) by Lew Rockwell
 * AnCap Reading Guide
 * The Machinery of Freedom by David Friedman
 * The Problem of Political Authority by Michael Huemer
 * The Production of Security by Gustave de Molinari
 * Chaos Theory by Robert P. Murphy

Wikipedia

 * Anarcho-Capitalism
 * Murray Rothbard
 * Voluntaryism
 * Anarchism and Capitalism
 * Free Talk Live
 * Republic of Cospaia
 * Polycentric law

Videos

 * Intro to Anarcho-Capitalism by Shane Killian
 * Anarcho-Capitalism for Dummies by Mr. Dapperton
 * "Taxation is Theft" | Austrian Economics Metal by Finntronaut
 * The Essentials of Anarcho-Capitalism by Anglo Libertarian
 * IdeoLogs: Interview With an Anarcho-Capitalist by IdeoLogs
 * Analyctical Tools of Anarcho-Capitalism by EconJohn

Music

 * Backwordz

Online Communities
Reddit Others
 * r/Anarcho_Capitalism
 * r/GoldandBlack
 * r/Ancap101
 * r/Ancap_bookclub
 * r/GenZAncaps/
 * AnCaps.win

Gallery
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