Maoism

Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought is a type of  Marxism-Leninism associated with Mao Zedong, the chairman of the Communist Party of China. Maoism can be identified as economically far-left,  totalitarian, and  culturally far-left. It is important to note that Maoism proper was formulated by  Chairman Gonzalo and the  Peruvian Communist Party. During the times of Chairman Mao, his thought was known as Mao Zedong Thought.

History
Maoism is a variant of Marxism-Leninism in China that was developed in the 1930s in the Soviet-backed satellite unrecognized state  ‘China Soviet Republic’ as a major rebellion force against the  authoritarian nationalist government of Right KMT. During the Chinese civil war, Mao split with the so-called 28 Bolsheviks who loyally followed Stalin’s doctrine of advocacy of rapid industrialization in China. Mao developed his idea of peasantry-worker unity as vanguards of the communist revolution in China’s specific case, and argued that a strong alliance with the peasantry is a necessity in China for the revolution to succeed.

During the Japanese invasion of China, Mao advocated for a United Front with the Nationalist faction. After eight years of fighting together, the United Front proved victorious over Japanese aggression. The most notable battle of that the communists fought in the war was the Hundred Regiment Offensive.

Immediately after the end of the Sino-Japanese War, the communists started seizing land and attacking the nationalist force. The army size was expanded to 1.2 million (With 2.6 million militias) versus 2 million nationalist troops (With 2.3 million militias) with the supplies of Soviet weapons from the equipment Stalin seized in Manchuria. Due to Chiang’s poor military skills, the massive collapse or morales of the nationalist soldiers after eight years of war with Japan, hyperinflation in the nationalist-controlled regions, and the American interference in the Marshall Mission, Mao and the communists were able to seize the Mainland in 4 years time after major battles that defeated the incompetent and corrupt military of the nationalists and Chiang’s extremely unpopular government.

After the Communist force won the civil war, China entered a stage which was called the “New Democratic Revolution” by the newly established Chinese government. The CPC formed an alliance called the 'United Front' with parties such as the RCCK. Political dissents, Republic of China/KMT sympathizers, and landlords were purged in the subsequent political cleansings such as ‘Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries’ and the ‘Anti-Rightist Campaign’. However, just as socialist construction began the Soviet Union would renounce Joseph Stalin’s theory of Marxism-Leninism and allied Eastern European states that had developed exactly in line with it began to one by one fall to this new ideology. China, however, refused to follow Khrushchev’s path and denounced him as a revisionist pseudo-socialist eventually. Therefore, the Sino-Soviet Split split happened with Soviet projects scrapped, economic aid cut off, and scientists left China, which were detrimental for China’s economic development. At this point a began to arise in the party, a debate arguing over whether they had progressed the relations of production far enough in order to solely focus on economic development. Mao opposed this line, and instead believed that economic development could be obtained without sacrificing development in the relations of production. Agricultural policies such as collective farming and mass production were implemented, which was known as the ‘Great Leap Forward’ that failed to achieve its main objectives and led to the Great Chinese Famine.

After the Sino-Soviet Split, the party began to formulate the idea that China develops an independent course of their economy. Mao wanted to utilize the resources they had gathered in the abundance of labor and popular enthusiasm. Water conservancy and irrigation eventually led to sustained growth in agricultural production. Flood defense were developed along with the practice of Terracing. The slogan “walking on two legs” was used to describe the pattern industrial development. The development of small to medium size industry alongside the development of the emphasis of the heavy industry. Compared to the more rigid and centralized economic system which had prevailed in the USSR, this period saw a different course of events with China adopting its unique form of command economy. The rural industry established made usage of labor-intensive strategies as opposed to plans entirely dependent on capital. As they served more local interests they did not require the development of nationwide infrastructure to prevail. Life expectancy (partially due to Mao’s pro-Natalist policy) and the literacy rate in China rose to record levels. Not only were smaller rural industries somewhat improved, but the heavy industry was accelerated as well with one example being the Teaching oil field. China also developed its own nuclear weapons with the help of engineers such as Qian Xuesen, becoming the fifth nuclear power on earth. Despite these achievements, 88.1% of Chinese were still living in absolute poverty in 1980, with one of the lowest GDP per capita on earth.

However, Mao feared a threat looming over the country as he believe if capitalism could be restored in the Soviet Union, why couldn’t it be restored in the People’s Republic of China? To many, it seemed a far-off and distant threat. However many people (such as Mao Zedong himself and the ‘Gang of Four’) believe they saw the beginning of the capitalist road among official party members. Mao believe that the feudal ideology ran deep within China, as a result of years of hosting such relations of production. Land Reform annihilated the landlord class, but the conservative ideology was still prevalent in China, especially in rural regions. Mao feared that China was not traveling down the socialist path, and rather was on track to regress to capitalism. The ‘Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution’ happened in this context and the theory driving the event is simple: “The class struggle continues, and is even intensified under socialism”

In the 1970s, as the relationship between China and the USSR further sour with the Chinese government isolated internationally, China began to look up to its old capitalist rivals. The USA also abandoned its hardline anti-communist doctrine in favor of pragmatism and realpolitik under Richard Nixon to deter the common threat-the USSR. Therefore, the Ping-pong diplomacy initiative under Zhou Enlai eventually led to an improvement of the US-China relationship and the Sino-American rapprochement. A gradual establishment of diplomatic relationships happened between China and  western, NATO-aligned countries, and eventually the United States in 1979, with these countries renouncing their recognization of  Taiwan under the Kuomintang. The implications of the events were enormous as China since then, despite being a communist country, had a much better relationship with the West and NATO than with the USSR and the Eastern Socialist Camp.

In Modern China, the rising social and economic inequality as well as the return of the capitalist class and exploitation of workers has caused a wave of resurgence Maoist support such as the banned Maoist Communist Party of China. However, none of these movements are formidable and are usually crashed by the CCP with an iron fist.

Additions to [[file:Marxlen.png]] Marxism-Leninism
Maoism can be seen as both a continuity and rupture with classical Marxism-Leninism. Mao, throughout his Marxist revolution in China, formulated 4 new primary additions to Marxism-Leninism, being the Mass Line, Protracted People's War, New Democracy, and the theory of Cultural Revolution.

Mass Line
The Mass Line is a theory that states that the Masses of Peasants and Workers must be in unison ideologically with the Communist Party. Therefore, Communist Party members must go unto the masses and consult their needs and gather information, which will be further relayed to the party. The party then interprets this information within a Socialist framework and applies this in a cultural or economic change.

Protracted People's War
Protracted People’s War, often abbreviated as PPW is what Maoists view as the proletarian’s military strategy. Protracted People’s War combines insurgency with guerrilla warfare, offensives by the People’s Army, concentrated under the leadership of the Communist party, It is a misunderstanding to believe that this form war is simply a peasant strategy used in semi-feudal and semi-colonial backwaters. The People’s War uses three revolutionary instruments. The United Front, the People’s Army, and the Party itself. The United Front allows for agitation in areas where the party has yet to establish base areas. The People’s Army is the method of keeping politics in command of the gun, the Party having an armed wing. The “Party” is self-explanatory. Protracted People’s War also emphasizes the protracted nature of revolutions, hence the name.

New Democracy
The New Democratic society is a transitional form between the New Democratic Revolution and the Socialist Revolution. Different from the Socialist Society, the New Democracy's Fundamental task is not overthrow Capitalist Society, but overthrow  Imperialist Society and  Feudalist Society. It's also different with Capitalist Society, because its leadership is proletariat. Its goal is "establish a Democratic Republic under the joint dictatorship of all anti imperialist and anti feudal people under the leadership of the proletariat."

Cultural Revolution
From 1966 to January 1967, encouraged by an official announcement from politburo and Mao's support, a great masses of people were inflamed to fight against ‘revisionists’ and political and civil bureaucrats, many of them were those who had previously expressed their doubts about Mao's reformations, such as then Chairman of PRC Liu Shaoqi (劉少奇) and marshal Peng Dehuai (彭德懷). After the main enemy was eliminated in the later period, the masses divided into two opposing camps, "insurrectionist factions" (造反派) and ‘conservatives (mostly the bureaucrats of the CCP)’, and the two sides continued to struggle. The mobs, or so-called "Red Guards" (紅衛兵)  started to target anyone who might associated with "reactionary thoughts" and proceed to eliminate them with any means they deemed fit, mass scaled of public trials, humiliations, tortures and executions were often reported, victims ranges from landlords, intellectuals from previous regimes and homosexuals individuals. Many of them either died in custody or committed suicide.

From February 1967 to mid-1967 the movement keep deepened, with the so called "insurrectionist factions" dominating and beginning to split into radicals and moderates and noticeably centered Mao and his personality cult. After the rebels continued to overstepped their stance, the central government reached an impasse on the issue of the army, and the local army took measures to crack down on the radicals, acquiesce to the moderates, and support the conservatives. They eventually collapsed due to Mao's encouragement for them to attack the military and judicial personals. From the end of 1967 to the end of 1968, the armed conflicts ensued and keep spreading, and while the central authorities decided to restore social order, the stable of the state would not end until Mao's death and the collapse of his inner circle in 1979, marking the end of Cultural Revolution and the harsh re-correction (撥亂反正) period.

The total numbers of causalities during this period is varied from different sources. While China's official report in 1996 stated there were about 1 million and 728 thousands of "unnatural deaths", some third party estimated there could be 3 to 7 millions of deaths.

Chinese Neo-Maoists
2020 is a special year, a year in which the mental proletarians have made a marked left turn (turning to criticism of capitalism) and the first year in which the physically impoverished have clearly felt the crisis. Storm far away Far from coming, but the left turn of the brain-wielding proletarian released a clear signal that the sky had already been A few dark clouds gathered, and the thunder loomed, and the keen could even see the night sky A few faint lightning bolts, the dialectic of history carrying the storms of the sky with an irresistible tendency Rushing towards us, a very small number of keen youths are ready to embrace it with open arms.

Personality
Maoists often appear as a Chinese high school or college students who are usually very active to tweet about praising workers and instilling MLM's works to others. They often deplore at capitalist and revisionist and they may usually carrying a MLM's book with a badge "serve the people" on his chest.

How to Draw
Mao_flag.svg The design for Maoism is based on early designs of the flag of the People's Republic of China that lacked the 4 smaller stars.
 * 1) Draw a ball.
 * 2) Fill it with red.
 * 3) Draw a yellow star on the top left.
 * 4) Add the Asian eyes and you're done!

同志们 (Comrades)

 * [[File: Marxlen.png]] 马克思列宁主义 - Dad taught me all I know.
 * [[File:Totalitarian.png]] Totalitarianism - Learned so much from you.
 * [[File:Ultraprogressivism.png]] Revolutionary Progressivism - Best buddy! Wanna do a cultural revolution 2.0?
 * [[File:Floppa.png]] Big Floppa - Caracals are known to catch birds out of the sky when jumping; too bad we didn't have those!
 * [[File:Mao3word.png]] 毛泽东第三世界主义 - We must liberate those who face the most exploitation!
 * [[File: Guevara.png]] Guevarism - My fellow friend from Argentina.
 * [[File:Marxfem.png]] 马克思女权主义 - Women hold up half of the sky!
 * [[File:Polpot.png]] Pol Potism - My finest son who took my ideas even further.
 * [[File:Blacknat.png]] 黑人民族主义 - My son who takes inspiration from me.
 * [[File:Pron.png]] Peronism - Hero of Latin America, even though you are too moderate.
 * [[File:MLM.png]] 马克思列宁毛泽东主义 - My modern day counterpart.
 * [[File:LeftKMT.png]] 左翼三民主义 [[File:RCCK.png]] - RCCK are very based and good pawns allies. We both love Sun Yat-sen.
 * [[File:RedGuard.png]] 红卫兵 [[File:OchloAngry.png]] - BURN DOWN my political enemies  THE OLD WORLD AND CREATE A NEW!! REVOLT IS RATIONAL AND REVOLUTION IS RIGHTEOUS (造反有理、革命无罪)!!!

统一战线 (United Front)

 * [[File:Stalin.png]] 斯大林主义 - I'm conflicted about you. On the one hand, you were a successful revolutionary and a great influence to me and assisted me in the civil war. However the way you collectivized agriculture was idiotic. Also, stop disregarding peasants. But it’s a great shame that the revisionist scum Khrushchev just had to destroy all of your good legacies.
 * [[File: Georgist.png]] 乔治主义 - Capitalist scums, but they also see landlords as parasites, which is based.
 * [[File: Mspont.png]] 自发毛派 - Oh yes, I remember the time when I was an anarchist... dark times...
 * [[File:Nixon.png]] 尼克松主义 - Cultural Revolution and 4 pests campaign go BRR, but you are still a good friend.
 * [[File: Necon.png]] 新保守主义 - Thanks for helping me defeat the Japanese imperialists during WWII and turning your back on Chiang Kai-shek. But we had our disputes during the Cold War, especially regarding Tibet. Eventually Zhou Enlai reached out to Kissinger to set up our iconic meeting with Nixon so we could unite against the Soviets. I also helped you suppress reports on Yahya Khan's genocide in Bangladesh.
 * [[File:Hochi.png]] 胡志明思想 - Sorry for betraying you earlier, comrade, but why did you support [[File:Khrusch.png]] him? Also damn you Le Duan for purging pro-Chinese CPV members and commiting genocide against Chinese minorities in Vietnam following the Sino-Soviet split!!!!
 * [[File:Burmasoc.png]] 缅甸社会主义 - I'm glad you support the PRC but stop genociding Chinese in Myanmar! Stop saying I'm a hypocrite!
 * [[File:Posadist.png]] 波萨达斯主义 - Socialism? Absolutely. Turning the world into a nuclear hellfire and killing billions of innocent people for it?  YES   No thanks.
 * [[File: Hoxha.png]] 霍查思想 - Fellow anti-revisionist Marxist even though you hate me.
 * [[File: LeftCom.png]] 左翼共产主义 - Same as the last guy even if you hate me even more.
 * [[File: Castro.png]] 卡斯特罗主义 - You're a bit too close to the USSR for my liking. But like your bananas.
 * [[File: Juche.png]] 主体思想 - I help you fight against imperialist [[File:Ilminism.png]] RoK, but stop being so revisionist!
 * [[File:Kropotkin.png]] 无政府共产主义 - Kropotkin helped radicalize me, but anarchism is childish.
 * [[File:Natcom.png]] 民族共产主义 - "Chinese Communists must therefore combine patriotism with internationalism."
 * [[File:Native.png]] Montagnard Nationalists - I support you but stop attacking [[File:Hochi.png]] him!
 * [[File:BoXilai.png]] Bo Xilai Thought - The only tolerable modern Chinese politician even though you’re too capitalist for my liking. Too bad that you got caught up in Jiang and Xi’s power struggle which sealed your fall from grace.
 * [[File:Sun Yat-Sen.png]] Sun Yat-sen Thought - He is a bourgeois nationalist revolutionary who represents the Old Democracy stage of the Chinese revolution. He greatly inspired me even though he was against Marxism.

走资派 (Capitalist Pathers)

 * [[File:RightKMT.png]] 右翼三民主义 - Lol, get rekt reactionary chauvinists! We have mutual love for Sun-Yat Sen.
 * [[File:China-blueshirt.png]] 戴笠思想 - KMT unmasked!
 * [[File: Khrusch.png]] 赫鲁晓夫主义 (玉米棒子) - F*ck you, Khrushchev!
 * [[File:Brezhnev.png]] 勃列日涅夫主义 (勋章帝) - You too! You are just a [[File: Khrusch.png]] Khrushchevist without Khrushchev!
 * [[File:Consocf.png]] 保守社会主义 - I don't care if you're on my side or don't like gays. Prepare to get Cultural Revolutionized!
 * [[File:Reactsoc.png]] 反动社会主义 - Same as above.
 * [[File: Dengf.png]] 中国特色社会主义 - Capitalist revisionist scum. Damn it Deng.
 * [[File: Huism.png]] Huism - As much as I hate Deng, I must admit that he was too soft on Zhao Ziyang.
 * [[File:LiPeng2.png]] Li Peng Thought - Just beacuse you oppose free-market capitalism doesn’t make you the good guy.
 * [[File:ThreeRepresents.png]] 三个代表 [[File:Jiang_Tze-min.png]] - Out of all modern Chinese politicians, you represent a whole new level of low. Enabled the rise of reactionary billionaires such as Jack Ma and Guo Wengui. Support massive exploitation by international corporations (e.g. Foxconn, Apple, McDonalds, etc.). Dismantled the welfare state. Privatized education and healthcare. Persecuted my modern followers for wanting better living standards. The list goes on and on. The only good things you did was expanding the laojiao system and your persecution of Falun Gong and Eastern Lightning.
 * [[File:Hujintao.png]][[File:WenJiabao.png]] 科学发展观/李克强思想 [[File:PinkXi.png]] - Yes, I denounced and tortured Hu Jintao's father for "capitalist transgressions". What you gonna do about it? Not much better than Deng or Jiang, otherwise. Wen Jiabao is especially cringe due to his sympathy for western liberal democracy.
 * [[File:XiJinpingThoughtf.png]] 习近平思想 - The western bourgeois media like to think you're the next me for some reason yet you’re still a filthy c*pitalist who simp for Bill Gates. Slightly better than your predecessors, but that ain't saying much. Good job defeating Jiang and his oligarchs though. But I suspect you are a fascist with a red mask.
 * [[File:Jack Ma.png]] Jack Ma Thought - Why do you even exist? I wish the western media reports about your so-called ”disappearance” were true you corporate fraudster.
 * [[File:ChenDuxiu.png]] 陈独秀思想 - Chen Duxiu is a revisionary Trotskyist idiot.
 * [[File:Showa-kanmuri.png]] 日本帝国主义 - Imperialist scum.
 * [[File:Lib.png]] 自由主义 - We must combat him!
 * [[File:Cap.png]] 资本主义 - F*ck you, bourgeois scum!
 * [[File:Imp.png]] Imperialism - You are the root of all evils along with the above.
 * [[File:React.png]] 反动主义 - Haha cultural revolution go brr.
 * [[File:Pat.png]] 父权主义 - "Marriage is a patriarchal social construct that should be phased out". Yes.
 * [[File:Thaifash.png]] 泰式法西斯主义 - I may have had a hand in the Communist insurgency in Thailand 1960s-1970s.
 * [[File:Pinkcap.png]] 粉色资本主义 - Li n*s x.At least you are slightly better than [[File: Nrx.png]]Neoreactionarism.
 * [[File: Tito.png]] Titoism - Tito has courage in thinking, speaking, and doing, but his foundation is imperialism and capitalism, not Marxism-Leninism. Our foundation is Marxism-Leninism; therefore, we are correct, and we will not get into trouble when we think, speak, and do with courage. At least Hua Guofeng still likes him.
 * [[File:Bud.png]] 佛教神权统治 & [[File:BudAn.png]] 佛教无政府主义 - f*ck religion. And f*ck "Tibet". I may be "anti-imperialist" but my conquest against filthy Tibetan reactionaries was absolutely justified and I have no regrets.
 * [[File:Buddhist Socialism.png]] 佛教社会主义 - Sorry, your fake "socialism" won't convince me. Your religious cringe is worthy enough for you to be invaded. Oh, and the Dalai Lama isn't a Marxist, I don't care if he says he is.
 * [[File:Timocracy.png]] Timocracy - Kill all landlords!
 * [[File:Confucianism.png]] 儒教思想 - 头号大混蛋！(Number 1 scum!)
 * All the Islamic ideologies - You too Uyghurs! Prepared to be annexed!

Wikipedia

 * Maoism
 * Mao Zedong
 * Maoist China [[File:Cball-China.png]]
 * Chinese Soviet Republic [[File:Cball-ChineseSovietRepublic.png]]
 * Soviet Zone
 * Red Guards
 * Sino-Soviet Split
 * Gang of Four
 * Chinese Communist Revolution
 * Great Leap Forward
 * Cultural Revolution
 * New Democracy
 * Antagonistic Contradiction
 * People's War
 * Mass Line
 * Three Worlds Theory
 * Self-Criticism

Literature

 * Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (Mao's Little Red Book)
 * Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung
 * On Guerilla Warfare
 * On Contradiction
 * On Practice
 * On New Democracy

Online Communities

 * r/Communism
 * r/Communism101
 * r/DankLeft
 * r/CatSaysMao
 * r/PrincipallyMao

Gallery
Maoismus Maoizm 毛泽东思想