Georgism



Georgism, also called Geoism, is a ideology embracing communal ownership of economic rent, free markets for efficiency and social justice through some distributionist measures. Devised by Henry George, it is typically placed in the lower middle of the political compass, though it has been adopted by both sides of the political compass.

He believes that there should only be one tax, being the land value tax. He views property rights as only extending to the properties of labor and capital, and since land is neither, it's free real estate. Though his main bit is only having one tax, he sometimes promotes a citizen's dividend and pollution taxes, as a treat.

Overall, his ideology is centered around land & its distribution and his beliefs are often summed up with the phrase (usually in all caps) "landlords don't have rights", though this is somewhat of an exaggeration.

While his views on land rights and natural resource ownership are very collectivist, to combat unjust inequality, most of his other views are liberal and relatively individualistic, focusing on creating efficiency in the economy to create more land value to tax.

His father Physiocracy was quite old and absent when he was born, so he was mostly brought up by his uncle  Classical Liberalism.

Of all his cousins, he's generally on best terms with Liberalism; but he also tries to keep friendly with  Capitalism and  Socialism even though they seldom leave room for his views, especially when they're in the same room together...

History
Georgism is named after the American journalist and political economist Henry George (1839 - 1897). The defining theories and policies of Georgism stem from Henry George's 1879 book, Progress and Poverty, which sold more than any other book in the US except the Bible during the 1890s. In this book, George sought to find the reason why poverty persists even when wealth increases and technology advances; coming to the conclusion that private extraction of rents from land is the main culprit keeping down both profits/interest from capital and wages from labor.

Henry George is considered one of the last classical economists, largely building on the foundation of Classical Liberals such as Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill. It was observed by them that a tax on what they called "ground-rents" and "the ordinary rent of land", the economic rent from location and natural resources, was the most just and efficient form of taxation, and this notion was followed by Henry George to its logical conclusion: replacing all other taxes with a tax on ground/land rents, i.e. a land value tax.

The movement itself is said to be much older than George, and a long list of economists, political figures, agitators, and land reformers are considered fore-runners: From the Gracchi brothers of the Roman Republic to the Diggers of England, the  Physiocrats of France, and other  Enlightenment thinkers such as Thomas Paine with his Agrarian Justice and the concept of a citizen's dividend. Several Agrarian revolts around the world also reflect the struggle against private enclosure of common land and disproportionate taxation (such as poll tax) upon tenants, the poor, and working people - with tax exemption and other privileges for the landed nobility and rich landowners. Henry George is, for the Georgists, the pinnacle of this movement for land reform and economic justice. Some modern proponents prefer to use the term "Geoism" to broaden the scope. Coincidentally "Geo-" in both cases comes from the Ancient Greek word for earth/land. Historically Georgism spread around the whole world, with important proponents in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Oceania.

Henry George himself became a political figure, running twice for mayor of New York City, in 1886 and 1898, being runner-up the first time (though in front of future president Teddy Roosevelt) and suffering from a fatal stroke in 1897 during his second campaign. Many of his early supporters styled themselves "Single Taxers" since it was envisioned that the land value tax would replace all other taxes. For a short period of time during the end of the 19th century, the Single Tax movement dominated the political labor associations in the United States, but it was largely supplanted by the Marxist ideology as this came to be generally accepted as the true form of  Socialism both in the US and elsewhere.

In the UK, both the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats (more specifically the predecessor, the Liberal Party) have a history of support for land value taxation, especially during the first half of the 20th century. In a 1906 survey, Henry George was listed as the favourite author of 12 Labour MPs, coming in at a 5th place after authors such as Charles Dickens and "The Bible", and with nobody listing Karl Marx. The British Liberal support for Georgism peaked with the famous People's Budget including a land value tax, which lead to a constitutional crisis due to the resistance of the House of Lords, the majority  Conservative landowners being strongly opposed to such a tax. The budget was eventually forced through, and as a result the House of Lords lost its power to veto budgets - but only after two general elections in 1910. The land value tax was never fully implemented however, since it was at first stalled (among other things by the First World War) and then cancelled by the coalition government in 1920.

In China the third principle of Sun Yat-sen's Tridemism was based on a land value tax directly inspired by Henry George's writings, and the Kuomintang brought this with them to Taiwan, where it's still upheld.

There have been several other Georgist parties around the world since then, however, most of them only gaining little support. The Justice Party of Denmark was the most successful, with their highest result being 8.2% of the national votes in 1950, gaining 12 seats in the Danish parliament. The movement in Denmark resulted in a land value tax being introduced in 1920, which is still being levied (though today only at low rates and at municipality level). The only current Georgist party in the UK is the Young People's Party, though there are several political movements in the English speaking world, including the UK based Labour Land Campaign and LibDems ALTER.

Many current Georgist movements and organisations such as the UK based Henry George Foundation with its Land&Liberty publication, the Henry George Foundation of Australia, the New York based Henry George School of Social Science, and the Robert Schalkenbach Foundation aren't linked to specific political parties, rather trying to spread knowledge about Henry George's ideas and campaign for land value taxation across the political divides.

Ideological Foundations
Arguments for or against georgism usually boil down to two forms of argument; Arguments regarding an inherent moral superiority of the system (deontological arguments) and arguments regarding the positive outcomes of the system (consequential arguments).

Deontological Arguments
WIP

Consequential Arguments
WIP

Personality
Georgism is generally open minded and has a friendly disposition - except when he is confronted by extremist proprietarianists! While he is very sceptical towards landlords in general (still acknowledging the rent due for buildings as opposed to that which is derived from location) he truly hates real slumlords and other entirely unproductive and harmful rent-seekers. Other times that you might see him on edge is when he sees old privileges upheld by landed nobility...

He may be found quite often more or less loudly advocating for his favourite economic remedy: Land Value Tax (LVT); but the virtues he describes will often depend on who he's trying to persuade - since, in his mind, these are so many and so great that anyone can potentially see the light (or the cat, as he likes to express it).

How To Draw
The Georgist flag is a bicolour of Yellow or Gold with Green. With the former representing wealth and free trade and the latter representing land and natural resources in general.
 * 1) Fill a ball with this: #0ED145 shade of green.
 * 2) Cut in half and fill top/left half with this: #FFDA2B shade of gold.
 * 3) Draw the eyes.
 * 4) (Optional) Either
 * 5) Draw, in black, a square seperated in 4 at a 45 degree angle.
 * 6) Add cat ears and three grey whiskers on each side.

Friends

 * [[File: Geolib.png]] Geolibertarianism - Ah yes, my more uncompromising son; not so fond of our statist left-wing family members.
 * [[File: Angeo.png]] Geoanarchism - Opposes the state even more than his brother. Wait, son, how are you going to tax the land without a state? Nevermind, it's the intention that counts.
 * [[File: Geomut.png]] Geomutualism - Not sure what you want my dear, but let's be mutually beneficial to each other!
 * [[File: Socgeo.png]] Social Georgism - Hmhmhm... Should we spend it all on welfare?
 * [[File: GeoSynd.png]] Geosyndicalism - Yes, organise the tenants and teach them about LVT!
 * [[File: 3princ.png]] Tridemism - Probably the closest we got to taking over the world.
 * [[File: Clib.png]] Classical Liberalism - Taught me Classical Economics and usually supports my views on landlords.
 * [[File: Lib.png]] Liberalism - He used to promote my ideas; unfortunately only when it suited him.
 * [[File: Envi.png]] Environmentalism - Polluting and exploiting our natural resources lowers the value of the land, and thus reduces future tax revenue!
 * [[File: Socdem.png]] Social Democracy - I really think she could be warming up to the idea of a land value tax...
 * [[File: Dsa.png]] Democratic Socialism - Probably already wants to make land common property.
 * [[File: Neoliberal-icon.png]] Neoliberalism - Sometimes supports my ideas, in spite of his distorted Neoclassical understanding.
 * [[File: Libertarian.png]] Libertarianism - Thinks LVT is the least bad tax.
 * [[File: Mutalist.png]] Mutualism - Not sure I understand him, but at least he thinks land shouldn't be a commodity.
 * [[File: Anpacf.png]] Anarcho-Pacifism - Also wants to achieve radical changes in a peaceful manner, how wholesome!

Frenemies

 * [[File: Mao.png]] Maoism - Shares opinion on Landlords... It's complicated.
 * [[File: Ormarxf.png]] Marxism - Hates landlords, but doesn't properly distinguish between land and capital. Also called me [[File: Cap.png]] Capitalism's last ditch.
 * [[File: AnSynd.png]] Anarcho-Syndicalism - Extremist, but I like the cat symbol.
 * [[File: Farm.png]] Agrarianism - Old granny (wrongly) thinks farmland has high land value, and thus generally opposes LVT.
 * [[File: Zio.png]] Zionism - Originally wanted a third way model, based on Georgist ideas of public ownership of natural resources.

Enemies

 * [[File: Ancapf.png]] Anarcho-Capitalism - Doesn't understand anything about LVT. Thinks owning and speculating in land is a vital productive service.
 * [[File: Hoppef.png]] Hoppeanism - Even worse than Anarcho-Capitalism.
 * [[File: ML.png]] Marxism–Leninism - Leave my labor and capital alone!
 * [[File: Stalin.png]] Stalinism - Even worse than Marxism-Leninism.
 * [[File:Conserv.png]] Conservatism [[File:Con-t.png]] - Defender of rich landed interest.
 * [[File: React.png]] Reactionary - Even worse than Conservatism

Books from Henry George

 * Our Land and Land Policy (1871)
 * Progress and Poverty (1879) (Most famous work)
 * The Land Question (1881)
 * Social Problems (1883)
 * The Crime of Poverty (1885)
 * Protectionism or Free Trade? (1886)

Books from other authors

 * The Pioneers of Land Reform: Thomas Spence, William Ogilvie, Thomas Paine
 * A Great Iniquity (1905) by Leo Tolstoy

Wikipedia

 * Georgism
 * Land Value Tax
 * Progress and Poverty
 * Henry George
 * Single Tax
 * Unearned Income
 * Value Capture
 * Citizen's dividend
 * Henry George theorem
 * Lockean Proviso
 * Ricardo's Law of Rent

Short (less than 10 minutes)

 * Georgism 101 by BritMonkey
 * What is Georgism? by the Political Sextant
 * Georgism's One Tax Rule by RT
 * How Georgism can fix the broken tax system by Nikolaj and Simon Talks
 * Ground Rent and David Ricardo's Law of Rent by Nikolaj and Simon Talks

Long (More than 10 minutes)

 * Understanding Economics: 10 - Henry George's Remedy by The Henry George Institute
 * Taxing Question of Land by TaxingQofLand
 * Real Estate 4 Ransom by Prosper Australia
 * Henry George and The Single Tax by mikecbonner
 * Tolstoy and The Land Question by Edward J. Dodson
 * What is Georgism/Geo-Libertarianism? by Omnizoa

Online Communities

 * r/Georgism
 * r/GeorgeDidNothingWrong
 * r/LandValueTax
 * Unofficial Georgism Discord