Classical Liberalism


 * [[File:Austrobert.png]] Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973)
 * [[File:Hayek.png]] Friedrich August von Hayek (1889-1992)

Classical Liberalism is an economically center-right to far-right, mildly to moderately libertarian, and culturally variable ideology.

He was conceived some time in the early 18th century as a child of the Enlightenment. He used to believe that people had an inherent right to their "Life, Liberty and Property" though he later amended that to "Life, Liberty and The Pursuit of Happiness".

Classical Liberalism hatched the idea, partly inspired by the French Physiocrats and their concept of laissez-faire, that individual freedom and a free market would result in a balanced economical equilibrium - as long as monopolies were not allowed to develop and destroy competitiveness. He viewed free trade as a path to universal peace and prosperity. He also often strongly opposed landed aristocracy, struggling against Monarchism and  Reactionarism tendencies.

ClassLib is considered the original inspiration for most of the Lib-Right ideologies, including Capitalism, even though the modern concept of capitalism isn't necessarily entirely free market and free trade focused compared with the original Classical Liberalism; since monopoly and market power isn't vigorously kept in check, the state provides benefits to multiple specific corporations, and  Protectionism sometimes sneaks in when it's in the interest of powerful political and economical actors - revealing the connection to ClassLib's old enemy  Mercantilism.

Some time in the early 20th century ClassLib became the father of Liberalism, who managed to then make the Liberal Dynasty into what it is today; with his other offspring,  Libertarianism and  National Liberalism taking on more fringe positions.

Origins
Historically the philosophy of classical liberalism has a set of factors which have contributed to its creation and development; the most prominent of these factors include the individualistic attitudes and beliefs of especially the protestant Christian faith, opposition to  authoritarian social contract theories which put the state or law as the source of ethics as opposed to the other way around, as well as the rise of international trade and  industrialisation.

The foundation of classical liberal philosophy is generally attributed to the English philosopher John Locke and his "Two Treatises of Government" (1689) - while the arguably equally important and intrinsically linked classical economy is based on Adam Smith's "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" (1776).

Throughout the history of liberal thought, there's been competing branches, ranging from what could be called "traditionalism" to "radicalism". Thinkers such as John Locke and David Hume may be considered relatively traditionalist, while thinkers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Thomas Paine were much more radical in their concepts of liberty. Even Adam Smith may be considered relatively radical in his approach to certain things such as aristocracy and monopoly power, perceiving that markets could fail if natural monopolies were allowed to form.

Development and decline
The United States Constitution was firmly cemented in a liberal philosophy, and the later 19th century success of liberal policies, free trade, etc. in Western Europe and the United States contributed to a massive growth in productivity and exchange.

Later thinkers such as Jeremy Bentham and J.S. Mill would introduce a utilitarian liberal approach which could be considered a part of a more left-wing branch, at least relatively, being also concerned with inequality resulting from the failures of markets in certain situations. This would eventually give rise to Social Liberalism.

Towards the 20th century, there was still a marked division within the liberal ideology, and political radicals such as David Lloyd George in the UK were at odds with more traditionalist liberals as he passed the People's Budget which provided hitherto unprecedented welfare and sought to impose taxes on the wealthy, especially the landed aristocracy.

In the UK, the liberals would eventually be marginalised by the increasingly dominant dichotomy between Socialism and  Capitalism, with the Conservative Party taking on the mantle of  Paternalistic Capitalism and the newly formed Labour Party wanting to drive social reforms even further than the Liberal Party.

Modern [[File:Lib.png]] Liberalism and its meaning
In the US previous to the 1930s election, Democrats, such as Grover Cleveland, were Classical Liberals, thus the party was associated to (Classical) Liberalism and its members were regarded as Liberals. Franklin D. Roosevelt, however, despite representing a huge shift from this ideology, kept on identifying along with his followers as a "Liberal". That's why in The US, Liberals are the Democrats while in other parts of the world Liberalism kept a meaning closer to the original one of Classical Liberalism (though in Europe especially, political parties espousing the term "Liberal" are oftentimes mostly a mixed bag of  Neoliberal,  Neoconservative,  Liberal-Conservative and  Social Liberalism).

Classical Liberalism and [[File:Libertarian.png]] Libertarianism
Those who, in the US, used to identify as Liberals in the broader sense had to start calling themselves Classical Liberals, or Liberals in the Classical tradition, and later in the 40s they started using the term "Libertarianism" to refer to themselves, appropriating the term from Libertarian Socialists, to be differentiated from the Democratic party adherents; and with the passing of time and the radicalization of ideas, the meaning of the term  Libertarianism shifted from a synonym of Classical Liberalism to a more modern version of it, and usually more radical, but sometimes the terms are still used interchangeably, such as Milton Friedman who described himself sometimes as a Classical Liberal and sometimes as a Libertarian.

Some modern Libertarian anti-statists have started to (re)appropriate the term in order to make their vision of a society based purely on property rights and the  free market more legitimate, but some say that it bears little resemblance with the views of the original founders of Liberalism, who were far from being  Anarcho-Capitalists, proposing instead something close to a  night-watchmen state. However some Anarcho-Capitalists argue that during the 20th century one can identify a distinct radical wing within the Classical Liberal movement, referring to Classical Liberals such as Gustave de Molinari,  Herbert Spencer and  Auberon Herbert, thus calling themselves Classical Liberals (or rather Radical Classical Liberals) wouldn't be as far from the original meaning as it might seem at first.

Personality

 * Sleepy & old
 * Slight Scottish accent

How to Draw
Classlib_flag.svg You're finished Origin: Flag of Classical Liberalism : vexillology
 * 1) Draw a ball with Eyes
 * 2) Draw a tricolour of Dark Blue, Gold and White.
 * 3) (Optional) draw a renaissance wig.

Friends

 * [[File:Enlightnenment.png]] Enlightenment - Thanks for helping me shape my worldview, parent!
 * [[File:Consti.png]] Constitutionalism - One of my major inspirations, I greatly admire him!
 * [[File: Lib.png]] Liberalism - I remember when you were a baby. You won't be as influential as me but I hope that someday you'll prove me wrong.
 * [[File:Cap.png]] Capitalism - Quite successful. Focus on being innovative and efficient rather than destructive and we're all good.
 * [[File:Libertarian.png]] Libertarianism - My quite extreme child. Taking some of my ideas a bit far, eh?
 * [[File:Radlib.png]] Radicalism - My radical son! Also please stop talking like that.
 * [[File:Liberaltarianism.png]] Liberaltarianism - Oh boy... Well you do combine the best aspects of Modern Liberalism and Libertarianism but you're kind of *ahem* inbred.
 * [[File:Georgist.png]] Georgism - Ah yes, my forgotten nephew! Ground-rents, and the ordinary rents from land, are probably the best sources of tax revenue, indeed.
 * [[File:Socliber.png]] Social Libertarianism - Liberty and free markets, do try to ease off the subsidies though.
 * [[File:Conlib.png]] Conservative Liberalism - My conservative leaning child!
 * [[File:Paleolib.png]] Paleolibertarianism - You and ConLib will get along just fine, I'm sure of it.
 * [[File:Soclib.png]] Social Liberalism - My progressive and welfare-loving grandchild.
 * [[File:Liberalconservative.png]] Liberal Conservatism - My moderate conservative grandchild, who usually thinks that he's [[File:Conlib.png]] ConLib but he's more statist and centrist instead.
 * [[File: Ricardosoc.png]] Ricardian Socialism - My socialist child, wanna talk ideas sometimes?
 * [[File:Fiscon.png]] Fiscal Conservatism - I like to discuss economics with him.
 * [[File:Liberalsoc.png]] Liberal Socialism - John Stuart Mill Gang! Not sure about this socialism stuff though.
 * [[File:Soccap.png]] Social Capitalism - I love Freiburg School of economics!
 * [[File:Orlib.png]] Ordo-Liberalism - My German son from Freiburg School.
 * [[File:Xbert.png]] Christian Libertarianism - Definitely The best Christian, Also Many Classical Liberal Writers were Christians.

Frenemies

 * [[File: Jacobin.png]] Jacobinism - You may be my oldest rival, but I still remember when we declared the First Republic together.
 * [[File: Soc.png]] Socialism - I remember my rivalry with you, good times.
 * [[File:Tradcon.png]] Classical Conservatism - You too... at least you're better than [[File: React.png]] Reactionarism.
 * [[File:Socdem.png]] Social Democracy - I admire your passion for liberty and equality but you're a little too close to [[File: Soc.png]] him.
 * [[File: Obj.png]] Objectivism - Huge (and irritating) fan of mine. Even when I agree with her, she's still kind of annoying.
 * [[File:Libsoc.png]] Libertarian Socialism - I like your style, but not so sure about the whole socialism thing.
 * [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]] Neoliberalism - I wish you weren't so regulatory like your [[File:Lib.png]] dad. Also, what's with all these invasions with your [[File:Necon.png]] friend?
 * [[File:3way.png]] Third Way - Ah yes, my great-grandchild who isn't very different from [[File:Neoliberal-icon.png]] their parent...
 * [[File:Marketsoc.png]] Market Socialism - My son, how exactly do you expect this to work? At least you're rational enough to understand why we need free market.
 * [[File: Nalib.png]] National Liberalism - One of my oldest children, who was corrupted by [[File:Altl.png]] them in modern times. I do wish that he'd focus on liberties as well as other citizens more and on race and ethnicity less.
 * [[File:Reactlib.png]] Reactionary Liberalism - Bastard child. And I thought [[File: Nalib.png]] NatLib was insane...
 * [[File: Natcon.png]] National Conservatism - The only good thing about you is Enoch Powell, the rest of you are statist traditionalists.
 * [[File:Austrobert.png]] Austrolibertarianism - My dear son, I admire your economic vision, I really do, but can't you see that [[File:Corp.png]] they stand in the way of the free market? I can't believe I'm saying this, but some regulations are necessary!
 * [[File:Nation.png]] Nationalism - I Mean, You were Useful overthrowing the Old Feudal Systems, In other Hand You Caused a Lot of Damage, So you are Overly a Mixed Bag

Enemies

 * [[File: Monarch.png]] Monarchism - 1776, asshole!
 * [[File: Abmon.png]] Absolute monarchy - Sic semper tyrannis!
 * [[File: Merc.png]] Mercantilism - We need Free Trade!
 * [[File: Feud.png]] Feudalism - Why on Earth are you attacking me all the time?
 * [[File: ML.png]] Marxism–Leninism - He keeps calling me the "reactionary status quo" but look at me kicking monarchist butts over here!
 * [[File: React.png]] Reactionarism - Why on Earth would you reject Enlightenment!?
 * [[File: Fash.png]] Fascism - Despot who opposes free trade and liberty. Basically opposite of everything we stand for. Why do leftists think we're the same again? Thanks for appointing De Stefani as the Minister of Finance.
 * [[File:AusFash.png]] Austrofascism - Same as above but Austrian. Thanks for appointing Mises as the Minister of the Chamber of Comerce.
 * [[File:Corp.png]] Corporatocracy - We need to talk, my [[File:Cap.png]] child... WHAT IN THE BLOODY HELL IS THIS?!
 * [[File:Altl.png]] Alt-Lite - Get out of our club, hijacker! I won't let you ruin any more of my children!

Literature
Note: List kept in rough chronological order. 20th century and after
 * On the Law of War and Peace and The Freedom of the Seas by Hugo Grotius
 * Areopagitica by John Milton
 * Two Treatises of Government and A Letter Concerning Toleration by John Locke
 * The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits by Bernard Mandeville
 * Cato's Letters by Thomas Gordon and John Trenchard
 * The Spirit of the Laws by Baron de Montesquieu
 * Reflections on the Formation and Distribution of Wealth by [[File:Physiocracypix.png]]Anne Robert Jacques Turgot
 * The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith
 * A Treatise Concerning Civil Government by Josiah Tucker
 * Rights of Man by Radlib.png Thomas Paine
 * The Limits of State Action by Wilhelm von Humboldt
 * The Liberty of Ancients Compared with that of Moderns and Principles of Politics Applicable to All Governments by Benjamin Constant
 * A Treatise on Political Economy by Destutt de Tracy (and translated by [[File:Jeffersondem2.png]]Thomas Jefferson)
 * A Treatise on Political Economy and Letters to Mr. Malthus by Jean-Baptiste Say
 * Democracy in America by [[File:Conlib.png]]Alexis de Tocqueville
 * The Bastiat Collection by Frederic Bastiat
 * Social Statics; or the Conditions Essential to Human Happiness and Principles of Ethics by Herbert Spencer
 * On liberty by [[File:Soclib.png]] John Stuart Mill
 * Essays on Freedom and Power by [[File:Xbert.png]]John-Dalberg Acton
 * A Plea for Liberty: An Argument against Socialism and Socialistic Legislation by multiple writers
 * Liberalism: In the Classical Tradition by [[File:Austrobert.png]] Ludwig Von Mises
 * The Constitution of Liberty by [[File:Hayek.png]] Friedrich August von Hayek
 * Two Concepts of Liberty by Isaiah Berlin
 * The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy by Jacob Leib Talmon

Wikipedia

 * Classical liberalism
 * Classical economics
 * Neoclassical economics
 * [[File:Cball-UK.png]] Manchester Liberalism [[File:Cball-Manchester.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-France.png]] French Liberal School
 * Gladstonian liberalism
 * Liberism
 * Constitutional liberalism
 * Homestead principle
 * Labor theory of property
 * Lockean proviso
 * Harm principle
 * John Locke
 * [[File:Cball-UK.png]] Adam Smith [[File:Cball-Scotland.png]]
 * [[File:Cball-Malaysia.png]] Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs

Videos

 * A Guide to Classical Liberalism and Classical Liberalism, Part 2: The Rise and Fall (and Rise and Fall) by The Academic Agent
 * What is Classical Liberalism? and The History of Classical Liberalism by Learn Liberty
 * Liberalism: where did it come from and are its days numbered? by The Economist

Online Communities

 * r/Classical_Liberals
 * r/Liberalist

Websites

 * Adam Smith Institute
 * Niskanen Center

Gallery
Liberalizm Klasyczny